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Pathology > tumors and cysts of head and neck > Flashcards

tumors and cysts of head and neck Flashcards

1
Q

define a cysts

A

pathological cavities of either bone or soft tissue that are lined with epithelium

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2
Q

why do cysts have a great potential for growth?

A

the epithelial tissue retains a great growth potential

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3
Q

what do cysts look like in x-rays

A

well defined radiolucency with a faint white border

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4
Q

what are the two types of cysts

A
  1. developmental cyst

2. odontogenic cyst

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5
Q

features of developmental cyst

A

epithelium is trapped between facial processes as facial processes fuse
ex: fissural cyst

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6
Q

features of odontogenic cyst

A

developed from epithelial tissue of dental origin.

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7
Q

examples of developmental cysts

A
  • nasopalatine duct
  • median palatal
  • globulomaxillary
  • nasoalveolar
  • epsteins pear’s
  • thyroglossal duct
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8
Q

examples of odontogenic cysts

A
  • primordial cyst
  • dentigenous cyst
  • apical periodontal cyst
  • lateral periodontal cyst
  • residual cyst
  • odontogenic keratocyst
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9
Q

can cysts be found anywhere in the body?

A

yes

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10
Q

incisive canal cyst features; how does it look on radiographs

A
  • also known as nasopalatine duct cyst or median anterior maxillary cyst
  • looks like an oval or heart shaped radiolucency lying in the midline above the roots of the upper centrals
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11
Q

median palatal cyst features; location?

A

-middle of hard palate
-due to entrapment of epithelium when the two halves of the palate fuse
-

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12
Q

globulomaxillary cyst features; location;radiographic appearance

A
  • point where globular and maxillary processes joined during embryologic formation and theoretically trapped epithelial tissue
  • always found between the roots of the maxillary lateral incisor and maxillary canine
  • seen as pear-shaped radiolucency between roots of the max. lateral and max. canine
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13
Q

what is globulomaxillary cyst mistaken for? how can we tell the difference?

A

mistaken for a pulpal problem of max. lateral or canine.

-test the teeth and see if they are vital or if there is pain and if there is then it is the cyst

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14
Q

nasoalveolar cyst features; location

A
  • not found in bone

- right at the corner of the nose and will produce asymptomatic swelling at the corner of the nose

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15
Q

thyroglossal duct; location

A
  • cysts of the neck
  • found first in child
  • may produce trouble swallowing
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16
Q

what is stafne’s cyst

A
  • not a cyst

- salivary gland on mandibular region

17
Q

primordial cyst features; radiographic appearance

A
  • from from the degeneration of a tooth bud before it begins to calcify
  • seen in place of a missing tooth
  • appears radiolucency with very definite borders on x-rays
18
Q

dentigerous or follicular cyst features; radiographic appearance

A
  • originates from follicular of unerupted tooth
  • common in 3rd molars
  • ameloblastoma=trauma taking tooth out causes this to become begnin tumor
  • appears as a radiolucency surrounding the crown of an impacted tooth
19
Q

periodontal cyst features; radiographic appearance

A
  • epithelium forms the cyst is a remnant of the rests of malassez found in the periodontal ligament
  • seen next to the root of the tooth either at the apex or along the side of the root
  • appears radiolucent around the tip of the root
  • can be treated by endodontic treatment of the tooth
20
Q

residual cyst features

A
  • source of the cyst is removed but the cyst is left behind in bone
  • appears radiolucent in the bone not associated with any tooth
  • called residual because this is just a term for anything that is left behind after the source of the cyst has been removed
21
Q

how can you tell the difference between a residual cyst and a primordial cyst

A

-if the patient had the tooth removed then it is residual, if the tooth was not removed then it is primordial

22
Q

odontogenic keratocyst features

A
  • formed from odontogenic tissue
  • epithelium of the cyst produces a keratin lining on the inside of the cyst wall
  • usually seen in the body of the mandible
  • walls of these cysts are thin and delicate
  • high recurrence rate
23
Q

tumors of odontogenic origin

A
  1. ameloblastoma
  2. periapical cemental dysplasia
  3. benign cementum
  4. odontomas
24
Q

features of ameloblastoma

A
  • more common tumor
  • seen often in the mandible
  • benign tumor that has a high recurrence rate
  • radiographically seen as multiocular radiolucenecy
25
Q

what is multiocular radiolucency

A

instead of one large radiolucency, there are several smaller compartments all connected together

26
Q

periapical cemental dysplasia features

A
  • not considered a true neoplasm
  • cause is not known
  • involves black women the most
  • affects the lower incisors
  • lesions occur around the apex of lower incisors
27
Q

three states the lesions go through in cemental dysplasia

A
  1. initially lesions appear as radiolucencies at the end of the roots
  2. cementum is starting to be formed so the lesions will be radiolucent with radiopaque areas inside
  3. lesions are completely radiopaque to a mass of mature cementum at the end of the root

Pathology (13 decks)

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