tumors and cysts of head and neck Flashcards
define a cysts
pathological cavities of either bone or soft tissue that are lined with epithelium
why do cysts have a great potential for growth?
the epithelial tissue retains a great growth potential
what do cysts look like in x-rays
well defined radiolucency with a faint white border
what are the two types of cysts
- developmental cyst
2. odontogenic cyst
features of developmental cyst
epithelium is trapped between facial processes as facial processes fuse
ex: fissural cyst
features of odontogenic cyst
developed from epithelial tissue of dental origin.
examples of developmental cysts
- nasopalatine duct
- median palatal
- globulomaxillary
- nasoalveolar
- epsteins pear’s
- thyroglossal duct
examples of odontogenic cysts
- primordial cyst
- dentigenous cyst
- apical periodontal cyst
- lateral periodontal cyst
- residual cyst
- odontogenic keratocyst
can cysts be found anywhere in the body?
yes
incisive canal cyst features; how does it look on radiographs
- also known as nasopalatine duct cyst or median anterior maxillary cyst
- looks like an oval or heart shaped radiolucency lying in the midline above the roots of the upper centrals
median palatal cyst features; location?
-middle of hard palate
-due to entrapment of epithelium when the two halves of the palate fuse
-
globulomaxillary cyst features; location;radiographic appearance
- point where globular and maxillary processes joined during embryologic formation and theoretically trapped epithelial tissue
- always found between the roots of the maxillary lateral incisor and maxillary canine
- seen as pear-shaped radiolucency between roots of the max. lateral and max. canine
what is globulomaxillary cyst mistaken for? how can we tell the difference?
mistaken for a pulpal problem of max. lateral or canine.
-test the teeth and see if they are vital or if there is pain and if there is then it is the cyst
nasoalveolar cyst features; location
- not found in bone
- right at the corner of the nose and will produce asymptomatic swelling at the corner of the nose
thyroglossal duct; location
- cysts of the neck
- found first in child
- may produce trouble swallowing
what is stafne’s cyst
- not a cyst
- salivary gland on mandibular region
primordial cyst features; radiographic appearance
- from from the degeneration of a tooth bud before it begins to calcify
- seen in place of a missing tooth
- appears radiolucency with very definite borders on x-rays
dentigerous or follicular cyst features; radiographic appearance
- originates from follicular of unerupted tooth
- common in 3rd molars
- ameloblastoma=trauma taking tooth out causes this to become begnin tumor
- appears as a radiolucency surrounding the crown of an impacted tooth
periodontal cyst features; radiographic appearance
- epithelium forms the cyst is a remnant of the rests of malassez found in the periodontal ligament
- seen next to the root of the tooth either at the apex or along the side of the root
- appears radiolucent around the tip of the root
- can be treated by endodontic treatment of the tooth
residual cyst features
- source of the cyst is removed but the cyst is left behind in bone
- appears radiolucent in the bone not associated with any tooth
- called residual because this is just a term for anything that is left behind after the source of the cyst has been removed
how can you tell the difference between a residual cyst and a primordial cyst
-if the patient had the tooth removed then it is residual, if the tooth was not removed then it is primordial
odontogenic keratocyst features
- formed from odontogenic tissue
- epithelium of the cyst produces a keratin lining on the inside of the cyst wall
- usually seen in the body of the mandible
- walls of these cysts are thin and delicate
- high recurrence rate
tumors of odontogenic origin
- ameloblastoma
- periapical cemental dysplasia
- benign cementum
- odontomas
features of ameloblastoma
- more common tumor
- seen often in the mandible
- benign tumor that has a high recurrence rate
- radiographically seen as multiocular radiolucenecy
what is multiocular radiolucency
instead of one large radiolucency, there are several smaller compartments all connected together
periapical cemental dysplasia features
- not considered a true neoplasm
- cause is not known
- involves black women the most
- affects the lower incisors
- lesions occur around the apex of lower incisors
three states the lesions go through in cemental dysplasia
- initially lesions appear as radiolucencies at the end of the roots
- cementum is starting to be formed so the lesions will be radiolucent with radiopaque areas inside
- lesions are completely radiopaque to a mass of mature cementum at the end of the root
