Disorders of Respiratory & Endocrine System Flashcards
what is a pulmonary embolism
embolism forms in on location and travels through circulatory system to another location where it causes obstruction
what is the most common embolism? most commonly seen?
blood clot; usual location of formation is in the legs
what is SIDS? why does it happen?
sudden infant death syndrome
happens because of defect in respiratory drive of infant
what age does SIDS happen?
2-4 months
what is COPD? what do these people have problems with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
problems with resistance to exhaling air
who commonly has COPD?
smokers; not common in people who don’t smoke
2 diseases associated with COPD
- chronic bronchitis
2. emphysema
what is chronic bronchitis? what part of body does it deal with?
-nothing to do with the lungs
-disease of airway/air passages leading to the lungs
-
what does chronic inflammation cause in chronic bronchitis
causes reduction in size (diameter) of bronchial passages and increased mucous secretions
symptoms of chronic bronchitis
coughing up mucous
what is a productive cough
coughing up mucous
what is emphysema? what is the greatest contribution?
- disease of lungs
- permanent enlargement of air spaces of the lungs with destruction of the septa or walls between air spaces
- smoking is greatest contribution
what do people with emphysema have to be on?
supplemental oxygen
what kind of disease is bronchial asthma? who is it common in and caused by what?
- intermittent disease
- common in children and often caused by stress
what are bronchial asthma attacks due to?
- constriction of bronchial passages
- can be extrinsic such as allergies cold air
- can be intrinsic such as stress or infections
what is treatment for bronchial asthma
bronchodilater inhaler
who is lung cancer most common in?
most common malignant tumor in men and 2nd most common in women
not common in people who don’t smoke
heavy exposure to what increases the risk in lung cancer
abestos
are there symptoms in the early stages of lung cancer
no
what is a hormone?
chemical which in very small amounts regulate different body functions
what are 2 things that regulate the human body
- nerves-quick but shorter acting
2. hormones-slower but longer acting
where at are hormones carried to get to the target site
on the blood
3 types of endocrine problems and what they are due to
- hypofunction: due to inflammation on gland destruction
- hyperfunction: due to tumor (over production of gland)
- enlargment with no change in function
what is the pituitary gland also known as
master gland
what hormone does the pituitary gland secrete
thyroid stimulating hormone
pituitary gland: size, function, location, what hormone produced
- size of walnut
- produces a lot of different hormones
- growth hormone produced here
what is hyperpituitarism: in a child and an adult characteristics
child: gigantism 12-14 feet tall and usually die early
adult: cannot turn into giant because there are no growth centers, they will have acromegaly. Mostly growth in skull, hands, and feet, look prognathic, bigger cheek bones, coarsening of facial features, frontal bossing, and viscera can get bigger
what does hypopituitarism do in child
dwarfs (uniformly small)
thyroid gland: location and shape and function
located at base of neck underneath muscle in neck
H shaped
regulates metabolism
causes of thyroid enlargement (3)
- hashimotos thyroiditis (autoimmune)
- functional problems=goiters
- tumor
what is a goiter? most common reason for one?
- enlargement of the thyroid gland
- most common reasons for this is lack of iodine because iodine is necessary to make thyroid hormone
people most common with goiters
women and middle part of country due to no salt-water fish
what table food has iodine in it to give supplement of it
salt
characteristics of someone who has hypothyroidism
- low metabolism
- slow pulse and decreased circulation
- decreased amount of thyroid hormone secreted
- decrease heart rate, BP, body temp, always cold
what is cretinism
from birth
dwarf, delayed eruption of teeth, mentally retarded, enlarged tongue
characteristics of someone who has hyperthyroidism
- increased metabolism, heart rate, body temp, and BP
- always too warm
- continuously perspire
- lose weight and are hungry all the time
if someone has graves disease what else do they have?
hyperthyroidism
what is graves disease
high levels of thyroid hormone presence of a goiter, eyes seem to be bulging out of sockets (exophthalmos)
what does the parathyroid gland do, the shape, and what it is necessary for
- secretes parathormone, and regulates calcium in blood
- found behind thyroid gland
- necessary for clotting of blood
characteristics of someone who is a hypoparathyroidism
- low levels of parathormone
- low blood calcium levels
- neuromuscular excitment (uncontrollable contractions which leads to leg muscles contract and cramps occur)
what happens when calcium is too low
tingling of hands, feet or mouth
characteristics of someone who is hyperparathyroid
- increased blood calcium levels
- excess parathormone produced
- calcium comes from bones which leads to weakening of bones
if there is a loss of lamina dura around the sockets of the teeth, what is this from?
hyperparathyroid
what is metastatic calcification
calcium in living tissue
people with bronchial asthma have high levels of what in their blood continually?
carbon dioxide
what symptoms of lung cancer?
pain in the chest, weight loss, pulmonary infections, and coughing up blood
what is treatment for lung cancer?
surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy
describe the pathology of bronchial asthma
attacks of shortness of breath and wheezing due to constriction of bronchial passages
what is the most basic difference between bronchial asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis
emphysema is disease of the lungs while the others are of the bronchial passages
what is one of the results of hypofunction of the posterior pituitary gland
diabetes
symptoms of acromegaly
enlarged hands feet and skull
cause of hashimotos thyroiditis
enlarged thyroid due to immune system attacking cells of thyroid (autoimmune disease)
what causes the formation of a goiter
functioning problems due to lack of iodine in thyroid
symptoms of grave’s disease
eyes bulging
cause of graves disease
high levels of thyroid hormone and presence of a goiter
what is the result of hypothyroidism from birth?
dwarf, delayed eruption of teeth, enlarged tongue, mentally retarded
