Disorders of Respiratory & Endocrine System

Question 1

what is a pulmonary embolism

Answer 1

embolism forms in on location and travels through circulatory system to another location where it causes obstruction

Question 2

what is the most common embolism? most commonly seen?

Answer 2

blood clot; usual location of formation is in the legs

Question 3

what is SIDS? why does it happen?

Answer 3

sudden infant death syndrome

happens because of defect in respiratory drive of infant

Question 4

what age does SIDS happen?

Answer 4

2-4 months

Question 5

what is COPD? what do these people have problems with

Answer 5

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

problems with resistance to exhaling air

Question 6

who commonly has COPD?

Answer 6

smokers; not common in people who don’t smoke

Question 7

2 diseases associated with COPD

Answer 7

1. chronic bronchitis

2. emphysema

Question 8

what is chronic bronchitis? what part of body does it deal with?

Answer 8

-nothing to do with the lungs
-disease of airway/air passages leading to the lungs
-

Question 9

what does chronic inflammation cause in chronic bronchitis

Answer 9

causes reduction in size (diameter) of bronchial passages and increased mucous secretions

Question 10

symptoms of chronic bronchitis

Answer 10

coughing up mucous

Question 11

what is a productive cough

Answer 11

coughing up mucous

Question 12

what is emphysema? what is the greatest contribution?

Answer 12

• disease of lungs
• permanent enlargement of air spaces of the lungs with destruction of the septa or walls between air spaces
• smoking is greatest contribution

Question 13

what do people with emphysema have to be on?

Answer 13

supplemental oxygen

Question 14

what kind of disease is bronchial asthma? who is it common in and caused by what?

Answer 14

• intermittent disease

- common in children and often caused by stress

Question 15

what are bronchial asthma attacks due to?

Answer 15

• constriction of bronchial passages
• can be extrinsic such as allergies cold air
• can be intrinsic such as stress or infections

Question 16

what is treatment for bronchial asthma

Answer 16

bronchodilater inhaler

Question 17

who is lung cancer most common in?

Answer 17

most common malignant tumor in men and 2nd most common in women
not common in people who don’t smoke

Question 18

heavy exposure to what increases the risk in lung cancer

Answer 18

abestos

Question 19

are there symptoms in the early stages of lung cancer

Answer 19

no

Question 20

what is a hormone?

Answer 20

chemical which in very small amounts regulate different body functions

Question 21

what are 2 things that regulate the human body

Answer 21

1. nerves-quick but shorter acting

2. hormones-slower but longer acting

Question 22

where at are hormones carried to get to the target site

Answer 22

on the blood

Question 23

3 types of endocrine problems and what they are due to

Answer 23

1. hypofunction: due to inflammation on gland destruction
2. hyperfunction: due to tumor (over production of gland)
3. enlargment with no change in function

Question 24

what is the pituitary gland also known as

Answer 24

master gland

Question 25

what hormone does the pituitary gland secrete

Answer 25

thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 26

pituitary gland: size, function, location, what hormone produced

Answer 26

1. size of walnut 2. produces a lot of different hormones 3. growth hormone produced here

Question 27

what is hyperpituitarism: in a child and an adult characteristics

Answer 27

child: gigantism 12-14 feet tall and usually die early adult: cannot turn into giant because there are no growth centers, they will have acromegaly. Mostly growth in skull, hands, and feet, look prognathic, bigger cheek bones, coarsening of facial features, frontal bossing, and viscera can get bigger

Question 28

what does hypopituitarism do in child

Answer 28

dwarfs (uniformly small)

Question 29

thyroid gland: location and shape and function

Answer 29

located at base of neck underneath muscle in neck H shaped regulates metabolism

Question 30

causes of thyroid enlargement (3)

Answer 30

1. hashimotos thyroiditis (autoimmune) 2. functional problems=goiters 3. tumor

Question 31

what is a goiter? most common reason for one?

Answer 31

- enlargement of the thyroid gland | - most common reasons for this is lack of iodine because iodine is necessary to make thyroid hormone

Question 32

people most common with goiters

Answer 32

women and middle part of country due to no salt-water fish

Question 33

what table food has iodine in it to give supplement of it

Answer 33

salt

Question 34

characteristics of someone who has hypothyroidism

Answer 34

- low metabolism - slow pulse and decreased circulation - decreased amount of thyroid hormone secreted - decrease heart rate, BP, body temp, always cold

Question 35

what is cretinism

Answer 35

from birth | dwarf, delayed eruption of teeth, mentally retarded, enlarged tongue

Question 36

characteristics of someone who has hyperthyroidism

Answer 36

- increased metabolism, heart rate, body temp, and BP - always too warm - continuously perspire - lose weight and are hungry all the time

Question 37

if someone has graves disease what else do they have?

Answer 37

hyperthyroidism

Question 38

what is graves disease

Answer 38

high levels of thyroid hormone presence of a goiter, eyes seem to be bulging out of sockets (exophthalmos)

Question 39

what does the parathyroid gland do, the shape, and what it is necessary for

Answer 39

- secretes parathormone, and regulates calcium in blood - found behind thyroid gland - necessary for clotting of blood

Question 40

characteristics of someone who is a hypoparathyroidism

Answer 40

- low levels of parathormone - low blood calcium levels - neuromuscular excitment (uncontrollable contractions which leads to leg muscles contract and cramps occur)

Question 41

what happens when calcium is too low

Answer 41

tingling of hands, feet or mouth

Question 42

characteristics of someone who is hyperparathyroid

Answer 42

- increased blood calcium levels - excess parathormone produced - calcium comes from bones which leads to weakening of bones

Question 43

if there is a loss of lamina dura around the sockets of the teeth, what is this from?

Answer 43

hyperparathyroid

Question 44

what is metastatic calcification

Answer 44

calcium in living tissue

Question 45

people with bronchial asthma have high levels of what in their blood continually?

Answer 45

carbon dioxide

Question 46

what symptoms of lung cancer?

Answer 46

pain in the chest, weight loss, pulmonary infections, and coughing up blood

Question 47

what is treatment for lung cancer?

Answer 47

surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy

Question 48

describe the pathology of bronchial asthma

Answer 48

attacks of shortness of breath and wheezing due to constriction of bronchial passages

Question 49

what is the most basic difference between bronchial asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis

Answer 49

emphysema is disease of the lungs while the others are of the bronchial passages

Question 50

what is one of the results of hypofunction of the posterior pituitary gland

Answer 50

diabetes

Question 51

symptoms of acromegaly

Answer 51

enlarged hands feet and skull

Question 52

cause of hashimotos thyroiditis

Answer 52

enlarged thyroid due to immune system attacking cells of thyroid (autoimmune disease)

Question 53

what causes the formation of a goiter

Answer 53

functioning problems due to lack of iodine in thyroid

Question 54

symptoms of grave's disease

Answer 54

eyes bulging

Question 55

cause of graves disease

Answer 55

high levels of thyroid hormone and presence of a goiter

Question 56

what is the result of hypothyroidism from birth?

Answer 56

dwarf, delayed eruption of teeth, enlarged tongue, mentally retarded