Neoplasia

Question 1

define neoplasia

Answer 1

new growth

Question 2

3 general characteristics of neoplasia

Answer 2

1. behave as parasites and compete with normal tissue for food and oxygen
2. tumor has a certain degree of anatomy and increases without regard for the condition of the host. not under body control.
3. neoplasms are crtically dependent on host blood supply

Question 3

define hyperplasia

Answer 3

increase in number of cells

Question 4

define metaplasia? example?

Answer 4

substitution of one cell for another cell that is fragile

example: person who is a smoker: respiratory passage

Question 5

define dysplasia? another name for this?

Answer 5

loss of uniformity of cells meaning they don’t all look the same

• cells have abnormal cell size and shape
• may not revert to normal
• also known as pre-cancerous cells

Question 6

what is dysplasia due to?

Answer 6

prolonged irritation

Question 7

define anaplasia? another name?

Answer 7

proliferation of abnormal cells

• no body control
• also known as cancer cells

Question 8

characteristics of benign tumors

Answer 8

• well-differentiated: some cells look like normal tissue
• functional cells: cells still do their job
• slow growing: get bigger slowly
• mitotic figures: normal
• encapsulated: tumor is in pouch and separated from rest of body
• tumor cells don’t spread

Question 9

malignant tumor characteristics

Answer 9

• poorly differentiated; not normal
• non-functional cells
• rapid growth
• abnormal mitotic figures
• not capsulated
• tumor cells spread to the rest of the body

Question 10

what is something tumor cells lack?

Answer 10

cohesiveness

-put together in a test tube, they aren’t drawn together. which is the reason for papanicolan

Question 11

define metastasis

Answer 11

refers to the spread of a cancer from its primary location to other locations in the body

Question 12

what are the 4 possible ways cancer can spread?

Answer 12

1. seeding in body cavities: new tumors formed in body cavity such as colon cancer or intestinal cancer
2. direct transportation: operation to remove a tumor and tumor cells get transported to different part of body by manipulation
3. lymphatic permeation: most common way
4. transport through blood vessels: not very common

Question 13

what is the major cause with cancer?

Answer 13

metastasis

Question 14

define carcinogens?

Answer 14

things that cause cancer

Question 15

what are the 3 causes of cancer?

Answer 15

1. chemicals: preservatives in cured meat, smoking, tobacco, some hormones
2. viruses: HPV, Epstein-Barr, Hepatitis B
3. Radiation: UV from the sun

Question 16

how does it affect one’s chance for cancer if they are on immuno-suppressant drugs?

Answer 16

people on immuno-suppressant drugs have 100 times greater risk of developing cancer

Question 17

treatment now for cancer damages what?

Answer 17

good tissue

Question 18

what is the most common predisposition to cancer?

Answer 18

someone who smokes

Question 19

what other factors affect someone developing cancer?

Answer 19

1. race
2. sex
3. age
4. geographical area
5. nutrition
6. heredity

Question 20

what cancer is common in Japan?

Answer 20

colon cancer

Question 21

What is the best way to diagnose cancer?

Answer 21

take the tissue and look at it under a microscope

Question 22

what are some treatments of cancer?

Answer 22

1. surgically remove cancer
2. chemotherapy
3. radiation therapy
4. future treatment: immunotherapy