Disorders of Liver and Pancreas Flashcards
What are the functions of the liver
- secrete bile
- detoxification of chemicals
- metabolism of all food groups
- maintenance of blood sugar levels
- synthesis of proteins
- phagocytosis
liver has a large ____ capacity
reserve
what are 5 liver disease causes
- viral hepatitis
- tylenol
- chemicals
- alcohol
- nitrous oxide
Is fatty degeneration reversible or irreversible?
reversible
what is Cirrhosis
fibrosis of liver tissue
what is portal hypertension
liquid part of blood sepes out into abdomen
what glands are in the pancreas
endocrine and exocrine glands
what is the function of the endocrine gland
gland that secretes its products directly into blood and blood carries it to the site
what is the function of the exocrine gland
secretes its products through ducts to the site of action
Diabetes mellitus is ____ and diabetes insipidus is _____
mellitus=sweet
insipidus=bitter
the pituitary gland produces what hormone? what is the function of this hormone?
ADH=anti-diaretic hormone
it limits the amount you have to urinate
alcohol inhibits it
what type of diabetes has a lack of ADH?
diabetes insipidus
characteristics of type 1 diabetes
- linked to childhood viral disease
- virus alters cell surface recognition
- little or no insulin production
- insulin in a hormone that allows sugar to pass through cell membrane into cells where it is burned as fuel for cell
- autoimmune disease
the malfunction of what organ causes diabetes mellitus
pancreas
what are the two basic types of diabetes
- type 1 or insulin-dependent diabetes
2. type 2 or non-insulin dependent diabetes
which diabetes is much more common?
non-insulin dependent (type 2)
the metabolism of fat produces a type of chemical called what?
ketones
what does the accumulation of ketones do do the person?
gives breath of an untreated insulin-dependent diabetic a sweet and fruity smell
what are the symptoms of an untreated insulin-dependent diabetic
increased urine production, increased thirst, increased hunger
what is gestational diabetes
what a pregnant woman becomes diabetic while carrying their unborn child
what are symptoms of non-insulin diabetics
high level of sugar in the blood, frequent urination especially at night, increased thirst, cramping of feet and calves, blurring of vision
non-insulin dependent diabetics have ___ blood sugar levels
high
what is type 2 diabetes also refereed to as?
adult onset diabetes
what is the major pathology associated with either type of diabetes
damage to the blood vessels of the body
what is the most common death of a diabetic
heart attack
what is the second most common death of a diabetic
renal failure
if you don’t know which type of diabetic patient they are, treat them as if they are
hypoglycemic
what does insulin do?
hormone that allows sugar molecules to pass through cell membranes where it is burned as an energy source
what is another name of insulin-dependent diabetics?
juvenile onset diabetes
what type of diabetes is associated with obesity?
type 2 (non-insulin dependent diabetes)
what do both type of diabetes have in common?
there is thickening of vessel walls of all arteries
a diminished blood flow leads to what 3 outcomes?
- poor WBC response to infection
- tissue damage due to lack of oxygen and accumulation of waste products in the tissue
- poor healing
two common examples of viral hepatitis
- mononucleosis
2. herpes virus
what are symptoms of hepatitis
fever, weakness, vomiting, chills, headache, and sometimes enlargement of the liver with jaundice
If Type 1 diabetes is untreated what 3 things does it lead to
- polyuria: increased urination (osmosis)
- polydipsia: increased thirst
- polyphagia: increased hunger
untreated diabetes will burn _____ as an alternate energy source
fat
right amount of insulin + right amount of food = ?
normal blood sugar
right amount of insulin + no food or low amount of food= ?
low blood sugar
no insulin + food = ?
high blood sugar
what symptoms are seen with hyperglycemia?
flu like symptoms
what are symptoms of hyoglycemia
quiet, unable to do simple metal exercise, may become irritable, tremor in hands, may act drunk, cold clammy skin, sweating, change in metal state, seizures
What is Brittle Diabetic
- type 1 diabetes
- poor control of blood sugar levels
how can you treat a brittle diabetic?
- glucagon
- hormone that release sugar from liver into blood
- insulin pump
