Disorders of Liver and Pancreas

Question 1

What are the functions of the liver

Answer 1

1. secrete bile
2. detoxification of chemicals
3. metabolism of all food groups
4. maintenance of blood sugar levels
5. synthesis of proteins
6. phagocytosis

Question 2

liver has a large ____ capacity

Answer 2

reserve

Question 3

what are 5 liver disease causes

Answer 3

1. viral hepatitis
2. tylenol
3. chemicals
4. alcohol
5. nitrous oxide

Question 4

Is fatty degeneration reversible or irreversible?

Answer 4

reversible

Question 5

what is Cirrhosis

Answer 5

fibrosis of liver tissue

Question 6

what is portal hypertension

Answer 6

liquid part of blood sepes out into abdomen

Question 7

what glands are in the pancreas

Answer 7

endocrine and exocrine glands

Question 8

what is the function of the endocrine gland

Answer 8

gland that secretes its products directly into blood and blood carries it to the site

Question 9

what is the function of the exocrine gland

Answer 9

secretes its products through ducts to the site of action

Question 10

Diabetes mellitus is ____ and diabetes insipidus is _____

Answer 10

mellitus=sweet

insipidus=bitter

Question 11

the pituitary gland produces what hormone? what is the function of this hormone?

Answer 11

ADH=anti-diaretic hormone
it limits the amount you have to urinate
alcohol inhibits it

Question 12

what type of diabetes has a lack of ADH?

Answer 12

diabetes insipidus

Question 13

characteristics of type 1 diabetes

Answer 13

• linked to childhood viral disease
• virus alters cell surface recognition
• little or no insulin production
• insulin in a hormone that allows sugar to pass through cell membrane into cells where it is burned as fuel for cell
• autoimmune disease

Question 14

the malfunction of what organ causes diabetes mellitus

Answer 14

pancreas

Question 15

what are the two basic types of diabetes

Answer 15

1. type 1 or insulin-dependent diabetes

2. type 2 or non-insulin dependent diabetes

Question 16

which diabetes is much more common?

Answer 16

non-insulin dependent (type 2)

Question 17

the metabolism of fat produces a type of chemical called what?

Answer 17

ketones

Question 18

what does the accumulation of ketones do do the person?

Answer 18

gives breath of an untreated insulin-dependent diabetic a sweet and fruity smell

Question 19

what are the symptoms of an untreated insulin-dependent diabetic

Answer 19

increased urine production, increased thirst, increased hunger

Question 20

what is gestational diabetes

Answer 20

what a pregnant woman becomes diabetic while carrying their unborn child

Question 21

what are symptoms of non-insulin diabetics

Answer 21

high level of sugar in the blood, frequent urination especially at night, increased thirst, cramping of feet and calves, blurring of vision

Question 22

non-insulin dependent diabetics have ___ blood sugar levels

Answer 22

high

Question 23

what is type 2 diabetes also refereed to as?

Answer 23

adult onset diabetes

Question 24

what is the major pathology associated with either type of diabetes

Answer 24

damage to the blood vessels of the body

Question 25

what is the most common death of a diabetic

Answer 25

heart attack

Question 26

what is the second most common death of a diabetic

Answer 26

renal failure

Question 27

if you don't know which type of diabetic patient they are, treat them as if they are

Answer 27

hypoglycemic

Question 28

what does insulin do?

Answer 28

hormone that allows sugar molecules to pass through cell membranes where it is burned as an energy source

Question 29

what is another name of insulin-dependent diabetics?

Answer 29

juvenile onset diabetes

Question 30

what type of diabetes is associated with obesity?

Answer 30

type 2 (non-insulin dependent diabetes)

Question 31

what do both type of diabetes have in common?

Answer 31

there is thickening of vessel walls of all arteries

Question 32

a diminished blood flow leads to what 3 outcomes?

Answer 32

1. poor WBC response to infection 2. tissue damage due to lack of oxygen and accumulation of waste products in the tissue 3. poor healing

Question 33

two common examples of viral hepatitis

Answer 33

1. mononucleosis | 2. herpes virus

Question 34

what are symptoms of hepatitis

Answer 34

fever, weakness, vomiting, chills, headache, and sometimes enlargement of the liver with jaundice

Question 35

If Type 1 diabetes is untreated what 3 things does it lead to

Answer 35

1. polyuria: increased urination (osmosis) 2. polydipsia: increased thirst 3. polyphagia: increased hunger

Question 36

untreated diabetes will burn _____ as an alternate energy source

Answer 36

fat

Question 37

right amount of insulin + right amount of food = ?

Answer 37

normal blood sugar

Question 38

right amount of insulin + no food or low amount of food= ?

Answer 38

low blood sugar

Question 39

no insulin + food = ?

Answer 39

high blood sugar

Question 40

what symptoms are seen with hyperglycemia?

Answer 40

flu like symptoms

Question 41

what are symptoms of hyoglycemia

Answer 41

quiet, unable to do simple metal exercise, may become irritable, tremor in hands, may act drunk, cold clammy skin, sweating, change in metal state, seizures

Question 42

What is Brittle Diabetic

Answer 42

- type 1 diabetes | - poor control of blood sugar levels

Question 43

how can you treat a brittle diabetic?

Answer 43

- glucagon - hormone that release sugar from liver into blood - insulin pump