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Pathology > Disorders of Liver and Pancreas > Flashcards

Disorders of Liver and Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the liver

A
  1. secrete bile
  2. detoxification of chemicals
  3. metabolism of all food groups
  4. maintenance of blood sugar levels
  5. synthesis of proteins
  6. phagocytosis
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2
Q

liver has a large ____ capacity

A

reserve

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3
Q

what are 5 liver disease causes

A
  1. viral hepatitis
  2. tylenol
  3. chemicals
  4. alcohol
  5. nitrous oxide
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4
Q

Is fatty degeneration reversible or irreversible?

A

reversible

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5
Q

what is Cirrhosis

A

fibrosis of liver tissue

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6
Q

what is portal hypertension

A

liquid part of blood sepes out into abdomen

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7
Q

what glands are in the pancreas

A

endocrine and exocrine glands

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8
Q

what is the function of the endocrine gland

A

gland that secretes its products directly into blood and blood carries it to the site

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9
Q

what is the function of the exocrine gland

A

secretes its products through ducts to the site of action

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10
Q

Diabetes mellitus is ____ and diabetes insipidus is _____

A

mellitus=sweet

insipidus=bitter

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11
Q

the pituitary gland produces what hormone? what is the function of this hormone?

A

ADH=anti-diaretic hormone
it limits the amount you have to urinate
alcohol inhibits it

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12
Q

what type of diabetes has a lack of ADH?

A

diabetes insipidus

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13
Q

characteristics of type 1 diabetes

A
  • linked to childhood viral disease
  • virus alters cell surface recognition
  • little or no insulin production
  • insulin in a hormone that allows sugar to pass through cell membrane into cells where it is burned as fuel for cell
  • autoimmune disease
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14
Q

the malfunction of what organ causes diabetes mellitus

A

pancreas

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15
Q

what are the two basic types of diabetes

A
  1. type 1 or insulin-dependent diabetes

2. type 2 or non-insulin dependent diabetes

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16
Q

which diabetes is much more common?

A

non-insulin dependent (type 2)

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17
Q

the metabolism of fat produces a type of chemical called what?

A

ketones

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18
Q

what does the accumulation of ketones do do the person?

A

gives breath of an untreated insulin-dependent diabetic a sweet and fruity smell

19
Q

what are the symptoms of an untreated insulin-dependent diabetic

A

increased urine production, increased thirst, increased hunger

20
Q

what is gestational diabetes

A

what a pregnant woman becomes diabetic while carrying their unborn child

21
Q

what are symptoms of non-insulin diabetics

A

high level of sugar in the blood, frequent urination especially at night, increased thirst, cramping of feet and calves, blurring of vision

22
Q

non-insulin dependent diabetics have ___ blood sugar levels

A

high

23
Q

what is type 2 diabetes also refereed to as?

A

adult onset diabetes

24
Q

what is the major pathology associated with either type of diabetes

A

damage to the blood vessels of the body

25
Q

what is the most common death of a diabetic

A

heart attack

26
Q

what is the second most common death of a diabetic

A

renal failure

27
Q

if you don’t know which type of diabetic patient they are, treat them as if they are

A

hypoglycemic

28
Q

what does insulin do?

A

hormone that allows sugar molecules to pass through cell membranes where it is burned as an energy source

29
Q

what is another name of insulin-dependent diabetics?

A

juvenile onset diabetes

30
Q

what type of diabetes is associated with obesity?

A

type 2 (non-insulin dependent diabetes)

31
Q

what do both type of diabetes have in common?

A

there is thickening of vessel walls of all arteries

32
Q

a diminished blood flow leads to what 3 outcomes?

A
  1. poor WBC response to infection
  2. tissue damage due to lack of oxygen and accumulation of waste products in the tissue
  3. poor healing
33
Q

two common examples of viral hepatitis

A
  1. mononucleosis

2. herpes virus

34
Q

what are symptoms of hepatitis

A

fever, weakness, vomiting, chills, headache, and sometimes enlargement of the liver with jaundice

35
Q

If Type 1 diabetes is untreated what 3 things does it lead to

A
  1. polyuria: increased urination (osmosis)
  2. polydipsia: increased thirst
  3. polyphagia: increased hunger
36
Q

untreated diabetes will burn _____ as an alternate energy source

A

fat

37
Q

right amount of insulin + right amount of food = ?

A

normal blood sugar

38
Q

right amount of insulin + no food or low amount of food= ?

A

low blood sugar

39
Q

no insulin + food = ?

A

high blood sugar

40
Q

what symptoms are seen with hyperglycemia?

A

flu like symptoms

41
Q

what are symptoms of hyoglycemia

A

quiet, unable to do simple metal exercise, may become irritable, tremor in hands, may act drunk, cold clammy skin, sweating, change in metal state, seizures

42
Q

What is Brittle Diabetic

A
  • type 1 diabetes

- poor control of blood sugar levels

43
Q

how can you treat a brittle diabetic?

A
  • glucagon
  • hormone that release sugar from liver into blood
  • insulin pump

Pathology (13 decks)

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