Circulatory System Flashcards
Circulatory system contains what 3 things?
- heart=pump
- arteries and veins=tubing
- Lymphatic vessels
what does vascular disease cause
obstruction of vessels
what do signs and symptoms depend on?
what is obstructed
What is arterial disease
obstruction of the arteries is ischema of tissues.
what is ischema tissue
not getting enough oxygenated blood
what are the 3 forms of arteriosclerosis
- arteriosclerosis
- arteriolosclerosis
- atherosclerosis
what is arteriosclerosis
physiological problem “hardening of the arteries”
it happens with again, and normal fibrosis of artery walls with age
what is arteriolosclerosis
sclerosis of minor arteries and is associated with diabetes mellitis
what is atherosclerosis and characteristics
worst because a silent killer
- responsible for most deaths in country
- starts in childhood and progresses to disease
- lesions are called atheroma
- fibro-fatty plaques -can cause sclerosis of artery walls and obstruction of vessel lumen
there are no s/s with atherosclerosis and when there are is it too late?
-most times no s/s and when there are its too late bc so much damage is done to the vessels and often is life threatening complications involving major tissues or organs of the body (heart or brain)
where is atherosclerosis mostly common? where is another affected area?
in the aorta; coronary arteries along with arteries serving the brain
how can you prevent arterial disease?
lifestyle change
change in diet and no smoking
what are some potential problems from arterial disease?
heart attack, stroke, aneursym, gangrene of legs, kidney disease
what are some environmental factors?
diets rich in fat, smoking, age, sex, and diabetes and mellitus
what is an aneurysm
weak spots
-weakening and dilation of a portion of the wall of a BV usually an artery
what is affected with an aneurysm
aorta
what are the 2 ways of having a stroke
- bleeding into brain due to aneurysm
2. obstruction of BV=ischemia of brain tissue=death of tissue
what is venous disease
obstruction of veins
- swelling and edema of tissues
- varicose veins=abnormal dilation or dilation of veins
what is venous disease often associated with
increased BP and with orthostatic hypertension
how can you prevent venous disease?
decrease BP, walking
what is DVT?
deep vein thrombosis
-blood clotting in veins
what can DVT cause?
pulmonary embolism with symptoms like heart attack
what is lymphatic disease
same as venous
swelling and edema of tissues
what is lymphedema? what does it drain and where?
lymphatic system is a one-way drainage system
-drains intercellular fluid back toward the heart where it can be reincorporated in the blood and pumped out again
why is blockage of lymph vessels dangerous?
lymph vessels carry potential cancerous cells
ex: breast
heart disease can happen in what 2 ways?
- rhythm disturbance=no pumping of blood
2. natural failure of the heart as a pump
what is CHF?
congestive heart failure; diminished cardiac stroke volume
-amount of blood that is pumped with each beat of heart
what happens with the arterial output, and venous return during CHF?
arterial output is decreased, therefore the venous return is decreased with pooling of blood in extremities
-also pooling of blood in legs
what is pitting edema? what is it associated with?
press on tissue with finger and leaves dimple reaming in tissue but eventually disappears
-associated with CHF
2 causes of CHF
- coronary artery disease
2. chronic high BP
CHF = edema in ____ and ____
legs and ankles
what is Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea? when does it happen?
- Fit Night Shortness of Breathe
- happens at night when lying down and heart is in the same plane as rest of body
consequences of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
decreased circulation
lungs fill up with fluid
shortness of breath bc cells need oxygen
what must people do with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea to fix it?
sleep in chair or up right position
get up and walk around to feel better
3 forms of coronary HD or ischemic HD
- myocardial infarction
- angina pectoris
- chronic ischemic HD
Charachteristics of angina pectoris
- chest pain with exerstion or stress
- partially obstructed coronary vessels cannot provide enough oxygen to satisfy heart muscle
is angina pectoris reversible?
yes
what is used to treat angina? why?
nictroglycerin used to treat bc it dilates vessels
- peripheral vasodilation=open BC in arms and legs and decreases BP
- decreased BP= decreased work load for the heart muscle
what is a myocardial infarction caused by?
atherosclerosis and sudden complete obstruction of the lumen (blood clot)
s/s of MI
- shortness of breath
- weakness
- nausea/vomitting
- chest pain/left arm pain
- sweating
- impending doom
treatment for MI
- defibrilater
- aspirin
- get to hospital
why is aspirin used for an MI?
makes blood thinner and less likely to clot
where is women’s pain usually felt with an MI?
women usually have pain in shoulder or back
what is the basic problem associated with pathology of the blood or lymph system?
blockage or obstruction of vessels
arterial disease generally produces what pathology?
ischema of tissue
venous and lymphatic disease generally produce what pathology?
obstruction of veins/swelling and edema of tissues
what is atheroma
lesion from atherosclerosis
what vessels are affected most by atherosclerosis
heart and brain
factors affecting the liklihood of developing atherosclerosis
heart attack, stroke aneurysm
what is an aneurysm
weakening dilation of a portion of the wall of a blood vessel
what vessel is commonly associated with an aneurysm?
aorta
how does the body attempt to compensate for CHF
heart enlarges and dilates chambers
what is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
shortness of breath at night due to lungs filled with fluid
