Immunologic Disorders Flashcards
define hypofunction and an example
too little function
ex: AIDS
define hyperfunction and an example
overreacting
ex: anaphylaxis or an allergic reaction
2 functions of the immune system
- protection against foreign invaders (bacteria and viruses)
- destruction of tumor cells
define antigen
substance that can activate an immune response
define antibody
immunoglobin chemical produced by plasma cells that will react with one specific antigen
define surface recognition antigen
cellular “nametag” formed on each of our cells that are genetically determined. Each cell is specific to us except for identical twins
define self tolerance
immune system able to look at organs and recognize name tags so it won’t react against it
what is the basis of the functioning of the immune system
recognition of all our own markers (self-tolerance or self-recognition) as well as recognition of foreign markers
what are 4 characteristics of the immune response?
- ability to recognize and react only to that which is foreign
- specificity-a specific immune response against each specific antigen
- ability to remember antigens that have been present in the body before (immunologic memory)
- increasingly active immune response on re-exposure to the antigen
B-cells produce ______. what are the 5 classes?
immunoglobins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM
what class of immunoglobins is associated with newborn protection?
IgG
what class of immunoglobins is associated with allergic reactions?
IgE
what class of immunoglobins is found in highest concentration in the saliva?
IgA
what is a compliment?
series of proteins that are found in blood clots
define haptens and give an example
molecules not able to be antigens by themselves, but when combined with proteins become antigens
ex: penicillin
what is a primary response
the first immune response to a foreign invader
what are differences between the primary and secondary response
secondary is:
faster, stronger, immunologic memory, also known as an allergy
what are the two immune reactions that cause tissue damage
- type 1 immediate hypersensitivity reaction
2. type 4 cell mediated hypersensitivity reaction
characteristics of type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
happens right away (allergic)
IgE associated with these reactions
antibody is bound to the surface of mast cells and basophils
what can be an outcome of type 1?
anaphylaxis
allergin + IgE = ?
release of histamine
what causes dilation of blood vessels and sudden drop in blood pressure?
histamine or vasodilation
what are some s/s of someone in anaphylaxis?
decreased BP, and increase in respiratory difficulty, and decrease in circulation
what treatment can be given to someone in shock?
epipen or epinephrine
what is epinephrine?
vasoconstrictor and bronchial dilater
what are examples of type 4 reactions?
a TB test, graft regest, and latex
what is autoimmune disease
loss of self-tolerance, the body suddenly fails to recognize its own surface recognition antigens as self and begins to form antibodies against its own tissue.
are men or women more common to get the autoimmune disease?
women are more common
5 types of autoimmune disease
- hashimotos thyroditis
- lupus erythematosus (butterfly rash)
- rheumatoid arthritis
- sjogrens syndrome
- rheumatic fever
which autoimmune disease is orally and can lead to rampant caries
sjogrens syndrome
