Inflammation and Repair Flashcards
what is basic to human life?
inflammation and the inflammatory process
define inflammation
reaction of lung tissues to all forms of injury
what is inflammation normally associated with?
pain
what systems does inflammation involve and where at?
vascular, neurological, humoral and cellular responses at the site of injury
what does the inflammatory process destroy and what does it contain to pave the way for repair?
destroys and dilutes or contains the injurous agent to pave the way for repair
what is humoral response?
blood flow carries the immune response in it
3 functions of the vascular response (acute inflammatory)
- increase permeability of Blood vessels
- outflow of plasma and protein into tissue
- WBC and immune cells mass at site of injury
what is exudate?
mixture of plasma, proteins and white blood cells
what reactions are exudate reactions?
acute inflammatory reactions
is the acute inflammatory response always the same now matter what the source of injury to the body?
yes
what are the 2 parts to acute inflammatory response
- vascular changes
2. WBC changes
not good blood flow means ______ which leads to _______ and not good protection against infection
not a good inflammatory response
not a good immune response
define: molecular sieving
the worse the injury the bigger the gap between endothelial cells which means more protein molecules in the exudate
what are the 8 steps to vascular changes
- very short vasoconstriction at site of injury (nervous reflex)
- Vasodilation
- increased blood flow to area of injury also known as hyperemia
- increased permeability to blood vessel
- leakage of plasma and protein from blood vessels
- remaining part of blood becomes more concentrated
- white blood cells move to walls of blood vessels at the site of injury
- white blood cells move through blood vessel walls and out into the site of injury
define sludging
blood thickening in the vessels (clotting)
define pavementing
the adherence to the inner walls of the vessels
define emigration
white blood cells able to move through blood vessel walls and out into the site of injury
what are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation and characteristics
- redness: due to hyperemia
- swelling: increase fluid in tissues
- heat: increase blood flow to tissues
- pain: chemicals released at site of injury
- loss of function: damage at site of injury
what are the 2 mediators of the vascular response
- chemicals: seratonin, histamine, and compliment
2. nerves
how do the white blood cells move during emigration
move on their own due to ameboid movement on pseudopods (false feet)
define chemotaxis or leukotaxis
chemical homing signals produced in the body that draws WBC to site of injury
what is commonly used to control inflammation
steroids
what effect do steroids have on the inflammatory response
causes it to not respond as well
what is most active in the WBC and are the first to be seen in the tissue at the site of inflammation
neutrophils
what is the second active level seen in WBC?
monocytes
what is a major indicator of whether an inflammatory process is acute or chronic?
examine the most numerous white blood cells seen at the white blood cells seen.
is chronic inflammation good?
no; it is proliferative
in chronic inflammation what is present in the White Blood Cells?
lymphocyte and plasma cells are most numerously present
what are the two basic types of repair?
- replacement with like tissue (parenchymal tissue)
2. replacement with fibrous connective tissue (scar)
Parenchymal Regeneration: in humans, all cells are divided into 1 of 3 different types:
- labile cells: skin, mucosa, bone marrow, lymphatic tissue
- stable cells: retain ability to replicate but usually don’t (liver, salivary glands, glandular tissue)
- permanent cells: nervous/muscle tissue
what repair mechanism is more common in humans?
repair with fibrous connective tissue
what are the 2 types of CT repair?
- healing by primary intention
2. healing by secondary intention
characteristics of healing by primary intention
happens when edges of wound are in a close approximation
sutures can pull would together to make it smaller
known as a clean wound and heals fast
define organization of wound
blood clot turns into high vascular connective tissue
characteristics of healing by secondary intention
happens when edges of a wound cannot be brought together
tissue is lost from wound
wound fills with granulation tissue as a way of repairing the damage from bottom to top
much slower than primary intention b/c its an open wound
considered its a dirty wound
longer inflammatory response
define wound contration
- contraction of fibroblasts with in granulation tissue and pulls the wound together reducing the size of the wound
- if at a joint it can cause it to become stiff due to inflammation and less functional
