Inflammation and Repair Flashcards
what is basic to human life?
inflammation and the inflammatory process
define inflammation
reaction of lung tissues to all forms of injury
what is inflammation normally associated with?
pain
what systems does inflammation involve and where at?
vascular, neurological, humoral and cellular responses at the site of injury
what does the inflammatory process destroy and what does it contain to pave the way for repair?
destroys and dilutes or contains the injurous agent to pave the way for repair
what is humoral response?
blood flow carries the immune response in it
3 functions of the vascular response (acute inflammatory)
- increase permeability of Blood vessels
- outflow of plasma and protein into tissue
- WBC and immune cells mass at site of injury
what is exudate?
mixture of plasma, proteins and white blood cells
what reactions are exudate reactions?
acute inflammatory reactions
is the acute inflammatory response always the same now matter what the source of injury to the body?
yes
what are the 2 parts to acute inflammatory response
- vascular changes
2. WBC changes
not good blood flow means ______ which leads to _______ and not good protection against infection
not a good inflammatory response
not a good immune response
define: molecular sieving
the worse the injury the bigger the gap between endothelial cells which means more protein molecules in the exudate
what are the 8 steps to vascular changes
- very short vasoconstriction at site of injury (nervous reflex)
- Vasodilation
- increased blood flow to area of injury also known as hyperemia
- increased permeability to blood vessel
- leakage of plasma and protein from blood vessels
- remaining part of blood becomes more concentrated
- white blood cells move to walls of blood vessels at the site of injury
- white blood cells move through blood vessel walls and out into the site of injury
define sludging
blood thickening in the vessels (clotting)
define pavementing
the adherence to the inner walls of the vessels
define emigration
white blood cells able to move through blood vessel walls and out into the site of injury
what are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation and characteristics
- redness: due to hyperemia
- swelling: increase fluid in tissues
- heat: increase blood flow to tissues
- pain: chemicals released at site of injury
- loss of function: damage at site of injury
what are the 2 mediators of the vascular response
- chemicals: seratonin, histamine, and compliment
2. nerves
how do the white blood cells move during emigration
move on their own due to ameboid movement on pseudopods (false feet)
define chemotaxis or leukotaxis
chemical homing signals produced in the body that draws WBC to site of injury
what is commonly used to control inflammation
steroids
what effect do steroids have on the inflammatory response
causes it to not respond as well
what is most active in the WBC and are the first to be seen in the tissue at the site of inflammation
neutrophils