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Pathology > Developmental Disturbances > Flashcards

Developmental Disturbances Flashcards

1
Q

define agnathia

A

portion of jaw or whole jaw missing

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2
Q

define microagnathia

A

very small jaw (retrognathic)

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3
Q

define macroagnathia

A

jaw is bigger than it should be (prognathic)

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4
Q

where does cleft lip and cleft palate normally occur?

A

on the maxillary arch off to either side under the nostril

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5
Q

what is a complete cleft

A

goes from lip up to nostril

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6
Q

what is an incomplete cleft

A

doesn’t go up into the nostril

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7
Q

what is the cause of a celft?

A

failure of all the germ layers of the two processes to unite

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8
Q

what is a harelip or bilateral cleft lip

A

clefting on both sides of lip

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9
Q

can clefts on the palate involve both the hard and soft palate?

A

yes

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10
Q

what is a bifid uvula

A

mild case of clefting of the uvula

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11
Q

when is repair of cleft lips done? cleft palate? why so late in the palate?

A

lip is done before the child reaches one month of age
palate is not done until child is approximately one and a half years old to allow for some maturation of the growth centers of the affected tissues so as not to damage them during surgery and let the child’s speech patterns establish

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12
Q

what kind of problems would someone have who has a cleft palate?

A

trouble eating and drinking because it will come out their nose, nasal speech, can have missing teeth, possible to divide tooth bud and have an extra tooth

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13
Q

if infants with a cleft palate have trouble eating what can you give them to fix the problem?

A

give them a bigger nipple/bottle

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14
Q

what is the median maxillary anterior alveolar cleft? related to cleft palate?

A
  • dark line between 2 maxillary incisors in radiographs that isn’t related to cleft palate
  • 2 halves of palate didn’t come completely together
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15
Q

what is hereditary intestinal polyposis? also known as? symptoms?

A
  • can turn into intestinal cancer
  • also known as peutx-jeghan’s syndrome
  • freckly or pigmentation around lips
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16
Q

Fordyced Granules characteristics

A
  • clusters of small yellow raised bumps
  • ectopic sebaceious glands
  • no clinical significance
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17
Q

what is macroglossia? complications it can have

A
  • large tongue
  • associated with down syndrome
  • can have speech impediment and tip teeth outwards
  • scalloped tongue (indentations of surface)
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18
Q

what is ankylglossia? 2 types? complications it can have?

A
  • tongue tied
  • complete: less common, tongue is fused to floor of mouth
  • partial: short lingual frenum, more common, can’t stick tongue out very far
  • possible to get speech impediment because can’t move your tongue
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19
Q

what is cleft tongue or bifid tongue

A

end of tongue looks like a fork or a snake’s tongue

20
Q

what is a fissured tongue? complications?

A
  • top of tongue has small furrows in it and radiate outward

- furrows can be deep so may need to brush it because food can get lodged in grooves

21
Q

what is median rhomboidal glossitis

A
  • oval, diamond, or smooth red patch on posterior dorsal aspect of tongue
  • can be mistaken for oral cancer
  • asymptomatic
22
Q

what is benign migratory glossitis? also known as? complications?

A
  • also known as geographic tongue
  • tongue has smooth, red, shiny spots on the surface that change position over time
  • asymptomatic
  • due to stress and more common in women
23
Q

what is hairy tongue

A

-filiform papillae on the tongue are overgrown and traps food and can become stained

24
Q

what is lingual varices

A

varicose veins on under side of tongue

cluster of red/purple swellings

25
Q

where is lingual thyroid nodule seen

A

-seen on posterior dorsal aspect of tongue

26
Q

what is lingual tonsil? what are depressions called?

A
  • swelling of lymphoid tissue on posterior dorsal aspect of tongue
  • depressions are called crypts and in the center of them are lymphatic tissue
27
Q

what is a stafines cyst? is it a cyst?

A

it is a developmental lingual mandibular salivary gland depression
-salivary gland is up against the mandible which causes a depression in the bone and shows up radiolucent

28
Q

what is microdontia? most common where at? also known as what?

A

small teeth

  • most common is maxillary lateral incisor which is also known as a peg lateral
  • able to bond composite to make tooth look bigger
  • also common in 3rd molars
29
Q

what is gemination

A
  • single toothbud attempts to divide into 2 teeth

- happens before tooth is calcified and is seen as 2 completely or incompletely separated crowns on one root

30
Q

what is fusion? what results in the mouth?

A

joining together of 2 tooth buds

-will have 1 tooth less because 2 tooth buds form 1 tooth

31
Q

what is conrescence? complications?

A

union of 2 teeth by cementum only

  • extractions could take 2 teeth instead of one
  • no joining of the dentin as in true fusion
32
Q

what is dilacteration? significance

A
  • sharp bend in the tooth root

- significance=root canal or extraction

33
Q

what is dens in dente? due to what? most common tooth?

A
  • tooth with in a tooth
  • due to defect in tooth before calcification
  • most affected is the maxillary lateral incisor
34
Q

what is taurodontism? most common tooth?

A
  • crown of tooth appears elongated with very small roots
  • furcation between roots is at the apex of the roots
  • usually seen in molars
35
Q

what is anodontia?2 types and characteristics?

A
  • true complete: complete loss of teeth, very rare, associated with ectodermal dysplasia
  • true partial: referred to as congenitally missing teeth, genetic problem, most frequent is 3rd molars, maxillary laterals, and mandibular pre-molars
36
Q

what is supernumerary teeth? most common?

A

most common is maxillary centrals and is called mesodents

-2nd most common is 4th molar

37
Q

what is turners tooth

A

-permanent tooth under primary tooth and infection on primary tooth affects formation of permanent tooth

38
Q

what is supernumerary teeth? most common?

A

most common is maxillary centrals and is called mesodens

-2nd most common is 4th molar

39
Q

what structure of teeth does environmental enamel hypoplasia fall under

A

amelogenesis imperfecta

40
Q

what is amelogenesis imperfecta? treatment? x-rays? id the dentin affected?

A
  • abnormal enamel formation
  • # of different situations involving amelogenesis imperfecta
  • cannot see enamel on x-rays
  • treatment is full coverage (crown)
  • dentin is ok
41
Q

causes of environmental enamel hypoplasia

A

-nutritional deficiency in vitamin D or calcium, fever, congenital syphilis, traumatic injuries or infections, hyperplasia due to fluoride

42
Q

what is dentinogenesis imperfecta? also called? xrays show? treatment?

A
  • enamel lost early due to dentin being defective
  • also known as hereditary opalescent dentin
  • xrays show small or completely absent pulp chambers due to overproduction of dentin
  • treatment is covered with crowns
43
Q

cause of impacted teeth

A

lack of arch length (distal of last tooth to distal of other last tooth)

44
Q

what is malocclusion

A

pre-mature loss of primary tooth

45
Q

most common type of impacted 3rd molars

A

mesioangular impaction where the third molar is tipped sideways to the second molar

Pathology (13 decks)

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