Tumors

Question 1

Cutaneous adnexal neoplasms
types?
cytology?

Answer 1

• previously basal cell
  (Epithelioma, trichoblastoma, pilotricoma, sebaceous adenoma)
• head and neck
• most are benign
• Cytology: tight clumps, deep basophilic cytoplasm, High N:C, may have melanin

Question 2

Perianal gland neoplasms

• 2 types?
• which is Malignant?

Answer 2

1. Circumanal gland (hepatoid) looks epithelial
   - INTACT males >8yrs
   - from modified sebaceous glands
   - can be on thigh, tail, dorsum
   - BENIGN mostly; EXCISION is curative(if you neuter) (can be malignant in F/MN and met to LN)
   - hepatoid, low N:C, smaller reserve cells may be present
2. AGASACA - looks neuroendocrine
   - high N:C, uniform nuclei, indistinct nuecleoli
   - Malignant, older dogs, mets to sublumbar LN

Question 3

TCC

Answer 3

• clinical hx important, dysuria, bladder mass

- diagnosis: traumatic catheter, 30% have cells in urine

Question 4

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Answer 4

Most common epithelial tumor of oral cavity. Likes the head, ears, nose, digits

• cytology: angular borders (cornflake), asynchrony of maturation, keratohyalin granules, often inflamed
• oral and cutaneous are often locally invasive (esp in cat) and met later
  vs. tongue, digits more aggressive, met to regional LN
• diagnosis: FNA underlying mass don’t scrape

Question 5

Benign prostatic hyperplasia v. carcinoma

Answer 5

Both: Older intact dogs
Hyperplasia: uniform enlargement, uniform epithelial honeycomb cells on cytology.
Carcinoma: irregularly enlarged, nodular, mineralization is common, characteristics of malignancy of cytology

Question 6

Apocrine gland tumor

Answer 6

• sweat gland
• 70% are benign
• ceruminous gland carcinoma (in ear of cocker spaniels and cats)

Question 7

sebaceous gland tumor

Answer 7

• adenoma, epithelioma, carcinoma

- vacuolated cytoplasm, low N:C

Question 8

Mammary Tumors

Answer 8

Need biopsy to determine ademona v. carcinoma
90% are malignant in cat
50% in dog
- can met ANYWHERE

Question 9

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

Answer 9

Thyroid
Parathyroid
Endocrine Pancreas
Adrenal
Carotid/Aortic body

Question 10

Thyroid tumors

Answer 10

Cytology: neuroendocrine, pink colloid, Blue granules (tyrosine)

Dogs: >85% are Malignant, >5cm 40% already met
Cats: SECRETORY, usually adenoma

Question 11

Tumors with Hypercalcemia of Malignancy

Answer 11

AGASACA
Lymphoma
Parathyroid

Question 12

Parathyroid

Answer 12

most benign
diagnosis often relies on lab (Hyper Ca)
neuroendocrine cytology

Question 13

Endocrine pancreatic neoplasia - Insulinoma

Answer 13

- Large breeds >5yrs, ferrets
persistent HYPOGLYCEMIA
- neuroendocrine cytology
with numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles 
- secretory, often Malignant

Question 14

Chemoreceptor Tumors

Answer 14

Chemodectomas

Pheochromocytomas

Question 15

Heart base tumors (Aortic body)

Answer 15

• Dogs not cats, often brachycephalic
• pericardial effusions, RHF
• neuroendocrine cytology

Question 16

Adrenal Neoplasia

Answer 16

Functional Cortical -> Cushings(dogs) or Hyperaldosteronism(cats)
- cytology: neuroendocrine, vacuolization
- adenocarcinomas are locally invasive to vena cava
Functional Medullary -> catecholamines = Pheochromocytoma (50% asymptomatic with concurrent neoplasia)

Question 17

Virus induced papillomas

Answer 17

• spontaneously regress
• usually in young purebred dogs
• can occur in older immunosuppressed dogs

Question 18

differentials for nailbed/subungual tumors in dog

Answer 18

SCC, Keratoacanthoma

Question 19

Eyelid tumors

Answer 19

• meibomian gland adenomas

- melanocytoma

Question 20

Soft Tissue sarcoma behavior?

Answer 20

locally invasive, low metastatic rate, recur with incomplete excision