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Clinics! > Cattle & sm. Ruminants > Flashcards

Cattle & sm. Ruminants Flashcards

1
Q

Brucella abortus

A
  • late term abortion (retained placenta, metritis) (fetus has suppurative bronchopneumonia and lymphoreticular hyperplasia
  • in milk, sexually transmitted
  • brucella RING TEST (BRT)
  • NO SIGNS in YOUNG animals
    REPORTABLE quarantine and cull
  • vaccinate and R ear tag (RB51)

aka Bang’s Disease
(fistulous withers in horses)

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2
Q

IBR

A

herpes 1

  • abortion storms (at any time) (fetus = liver necrosis, spleen, kidney, lung, adrenal, intranuclear inclusion bodies is classic finding)
  • RED NOSE
  • white plaques in nose
  • respiratory and ocular disease
  • infectious pustular vaginitis
  • no tx; do use live vax in neonates
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3
Q

Campylobacter foetus

A
  • EED
  • infertility
  • subclinical carrier bulls
  • good prognosis, spontaneous recovery
  • increased intercalving interval
  • looks like trichomoniasis
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4
Q

Trichomoniasis

A
  • carrier bulls
  • asymtomatic
  • EED
    +/- pyometra
  • cull cows; treat bull with IMIDAZOL
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5
Q

Q fever

A

Coxiella
placentitis, PASTEURIZE
late term abortion

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6
Q

Aspergillus

A 
#1 fungal cause of abortion in cows
(fetus = emaciated, dehydration, scaly ringworm like lesions. severe necrotizing placentitis with thickened leathery intercotyledonary area)
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7
Q

Listeria

A

LATE ABORTION
retained placenta, placentitis, reportable
- Microabscesses in brain - UNILATERAL but MULTIFOCAL CNS signs (headpressing, cranial nerves 5, 7-10,12, circling)
- silage, MONOCYTOSIS
txt: Oxytet, Penicillin

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8
Q

BVD

A
  • ABORTION at any time (usually 50-100days MONTHS) (mummified fetus with brachygnathia, cerebellar hypoplasia, cerebral malformation)
  • feet lesions
  • Oral ULCERS
  • scleral hemorrhage

0-50 days: EED
40-125 days: PI calf if NONCYTOPATHIC infection
50-100 days: abortion (if cytopathic)
100-150 days: congenital defects (hydrocephalus, cerebellar hypoplasia)

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9
Q

Leptospirosis

A
  • LATE ABORTION (autolyzed fetus, infertility)
  • zoonotic
  • Tx: oxytet
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10
Q

Foothill Abortion

A 
CATTLE
Epizootic Bovine Abortion
LATE TERM abortion
- +/- Ornithodorus tick; heifers and cows recently introduced to foothill region California (Orgeon/Nevada)
- fetal lymphadenopathy
- tx: Chlorotetracycline
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11
Q

Uroplasma

A

rare abortions

- cow doesn’t show signs

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12
Q

Chlamydia

A

placentitis
LAMBS
cow doesnt show signs
vaccinate before breeding

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13
Q

dental formula

A

0/4 0/0 3/3 3/3

incisor 4 is considered the canine

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14
Q

Nervous Ketosis

A

dairy cows in early lactation(NEB)
- hyperexcitable, ataxia, aggression, central blindness
CEREBRAL (not brainstem signs)

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15
Q

hyperexcitable, ataxia, aggression can all indicate?

A
  • lead poisoning
  • rabies (furious form - uncommon)
  • hypomagnesemic tetany
  • BSE
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16
Q

pizzle rot

A

ulcerative posthitis and vulvitis
corynebacterium renale (hydrolyzes urea -> ammonia)
tx: limit protein, testosterone implants to wethers
(more common in castrated sheep, occassionally in cattle)

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17
Q

Heartwater

A

pericardial effusion (acute, vs. found dead if peracute)
FOREIGN - endemic in africa/caribbean
transmitted by amblyomma

definitive diagnosis = stained brain tissue

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18
Q

ticks?

other agents?

A

amblyomma - ehrlichia ruminatum (heartwater)

dermacentor - a. marginale, rickettsia (RMSF), babesia(horse), Q fever, tularemia

face flie (musca) - mycoplasma bovis (pink eye), thelazia in horses

horse fly (tabanid) - bovine leukosis virus

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19
Q

papple shape

A

vagal indigestion -> ruminal distention (outflow failure)
scant stool
rectal - L shaped rumen, ventral sac enlarged and right of midline
BRADYCARDIA

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20
Q

Contagious ecthyema

A

Orf, Soremouth

PARAPOX VIRUS

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21
Q

coughing yearling cows

A

LUNGWORMS (d. viviparous) aka HUSK
Pneumonia characterized by coughing
(vs. older horses with lungworm will have wheezing, coughing)

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22
Q

Caseous Lymphadenitis

A

CORYNEBACTERIUM Psuedotuberculosis
CS: abscesses near LNs or in them
chronic, contagious, recurrent persistent
dx: culture of abscesses or serology of internal absceses
tx: cullaffected animals; can use abx but not practical in commercial herds (formalin shoudlnt be used in food animals and its a carcinogen…)

23
Q

bovine ringworm

A

Trichophyton verrucosum

  • especially in calves
  • nonpruritic, scaly, patchy alopecia around eyes
24
Q

tetanus treatment?

A

penicillin

25
Q

Earliest days to confirm pregnancy?

A

ultrasound - 26 days

palpation of membrane slip- 32 days if highly skilled; 35 more likely

26
Q

What can you palpate to confirm cattle pregnancy

A

30 days - membrane slip
70-90 days - Placentome
90 days - fremitus

27
Q

vibriosis in small ruminabts

A

campylobacter jejuni and fetus.

- healthy ewes abort normal or edematous fetuses with edematous placentas with congested cotyledons

28
Q

Psuedocowpox

A

aka ‘milkers nodules’

  • parapoxvirus
  • raised, cratered, +/- yellowish exudate
    tx: milk using separate machine, predip teat cups with bleach
    dx: electron microscopy
29
Q

atresia coli is associated with?

A

palpation (of amniotic vesicle) in the first 6weeks of gestation. leads to intestinal ischemia and atresia in calves
- 30% survive to adulthood

  • sx not recommended bc heritable
30
Q

3 Bs of bovine abortion

A

BVD
Brucellosis
IBR

31
Q

organism causes cysts in liver and lungs of sheep

A

echinococcus

  • cestode
  • definitive host is dog, coyote, fox
  • IH are sheep, goat, cattle, pig, horses, deer, humans
32
Q

TEME

Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis

A

HISTOPHILUS SOMNI (sleeper calves)

  • brainstem and cerebellar signs (also respiratory, septicemia, joint disease)
  • CSF is XANTHOCHRONIC (due to vasculitis and thrombosis) and NEUTrophilic
  • feedlot CALVES
33
Q

BLV test

A

ELISA for BLV Ab (glycoprotein gp51)

34
Q

BVD test

A

immunohistochemistry on skin biopsy

35
Q

Johnes test

A

serum ELISA

36
Q

Blackleg

A

c. chavoei; after handling/transport

crepitus, brused muscle

37
Q

Redwater

A

c. hemolyticum
bacillary hemoglobinuria
spores in LIVER, necrotic liver
anemia, icteris

38
Q

Black disease

A

C. novyi type B
INFECTIOUS NECROTIC HEPATITIS
SHEEP - FLUKE fasciolica hepatica
spores in liver (like redwater)

39
Q

Tetanus

A

enters puncture wounds
SAWHORESE, stiff tail, prolapsed 3rd eyelid
severe muscle tremors
hypersensitive to noise

40
Q

Botulism

A

contaminated feed
muscle tremors -> ascending paralysis -> respiratory paralysis
MYDRIASIS, ptosis, weak tongue

41
Q

Enterotexemia

A

C. perfringens (B,C,E)
lambs, kids, piglets, foals UNDER 7 DAYS old
weakness, abd distention, bloody diarrhea
PURPLE GUT (red fluid filled intestines)

42
Q

Overeating disease

A

C perfringens D

pulp kidney disease in sheep/goats

43
Q

C perfringens type A

A

hemorrhagic bowel syndrome

NO VAX

44
Q

salmonella dublin

A

septicemia in calves 4-8 w
PETECHIAL hemorrhage in lungs, heavy wet RED LUNGS
tx: cull carriers and vax

45
Q

Nervous Coccidiosis

A

<1 yr old

EIMERIA neurotoxin

46
Q

white sticky feces in calves

A

Rumin Acidosis (from esophageal dysfunction)
(irreg feeding, poor milk, stress)
- poorly growing, vocalizing arched

47
Q

Preconditioning calves includes

A
  • wean several weeks before feedlot
  • vaccinate (IBR, IBD, PI3, Clostridia
  • deworm, dehorn, castrate
48
Q

femoral n. paralysis

A
  • excessive traction of oversized calves during calving
  • rapid severe ATROPHY of quads, can’t extend stifle
    DOG SITTING
    (rotate 45 degrees during parturition or C section)
49
Q

White Muscle Disease

A 
Selenium deficiency 
<6m old
striated muscle
if heart affected -> pulmonary edema
SUDDEN DEATH, ENDOCARDIAL PLAQUES
history of vigorous exercise
inc. CK, AST

tx: give dam’s Se

50
Q

Moroccan leather abomasum

A

ostertagia

51
Q

Sheep tapeworm

CS?

A

Moniezia expansa
- nonpathogenic in low numbers
- mild unthriftiness, GI in YOUNG SHEEP (4-5 months)
infection is cyclical
tx: niclosamide, morantel, prazi, benzimazoles

52
Q

brucella ovis

A

epididymitis in rams

  • orchitis with eventual testicular atrophy and thickening and scarring of tunics
    vs. ewes - late term abortion, stillbirths, weak lambs
53
Q

Contagious Mastitis

A

mycoplasma agalactiae
REPORTABLE, rare in US
- mastitis, localized infection(joint/eye), abortion, weak lambs
- ingestion/inhalation which is shed in milk/feces/urine

54
Q

Blue Tongue

A 
- high fever, severe pulmonary edema (dyspnea, frothing), lameness (coronitis), and dermatitis (wool breaks)
 congenital defects (hydranencephaly)

Clinics! (19 decks)

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