- late term abortion (retained placenta, metritis) (fetus has suppurative bronchopneumonia and lymphoreticular hyperplasia - in milk, sexually transmitted - brucella RING TEST (BRT) - NO SIGNS in YOUNG animals REPORTABLE quarantine and cull - vaccinate and R ear tag (RB51) aka Bang's Disease (fistulous withers in horses)

herpes 1 - abortion storms (at any time) (fetus = liver necrosis, spleen, kidney, lung, adrenal, intranuclear inclusion bodies is classic finding) - RED NOSE - white plaques in nose - respiratory and ocular disease - infectious pustular vaginitis - no tx; do use live vax in neonates

- EED - infertility - subclinical carrier bulls - good prognosis, spontaneous recovery - increased intercalving interval - looks like trichomoniasis

- carrier bulls - asymtomatic - EED +/- pyometra - cull cows; treat bull with IMIDAZOL

- ABORTION at any time (usually 50-100days MONTHS) (mummified fetus with brachygnathia, cerebellar hypoplasia, cerebral malformation) - feet lesions - Oral ULCERS - scleral hemorrhage 0-50 days: EED 40-125 days: PI calf if NONCYTOPATHIC infection 50-100 days: abortion (if cytopathic) 100-150 days: congenital defects (hydrocephalus, cerebellar hypoplasia)

- LATE ABORTION (autolyzed fetus, infertility) - zoonotic - Tx: oxytet

Cattle & sm. Ruminants Flashcards by Ashley Caprio

Brucella abortus

late term abortion (retained placenta, metritis) (fetus has suppurative bronchopneumonia and lymphoreticular hyperplasia
in milk, sexually transmitted
brucella RING TEST (BRT)
NO SIGNS in YOUNG animals
REPORTABLE quarantine and cull
vaccinate and R ear tag (RB51)

aka Bang’s Disease
(fistulous withers in horses)

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IBR

herpes 1

abortion storms (at any time) (fetus = liver necrosis, spleen, kidney, lung, adrenal, intranuclear inclusion bodies is classic finding)
RED NOSE
white plaques in nose
respiratory and ocular disease
infectious pustular vaginitis
no tx; do use live vax in neonates

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Campylobacter foetus

EED
infertility
subclinical carrier bulls
good prognosis, spontaneous recovery
increased intercalving interval
looks like trichomoniasis

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Trichomoniasis

carrier bulls
asymtomatic
EED
+/- pyometra
cull cows; treat bull with IMIDAZOL

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Q fever

Coxiella
placentitis, PASTEURIZE
late term abortion

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Aspergillus

#1 fungal cause of abortion in cows
(fetus = emaciated, dehydration, scaly ringworm like lesions. severe necrotizing placentitis with thickened leathery intercotyledonary area)

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Listeria

LATE ABORTION
retained placenta, placentitis, reportable
- Microabscesses in brain - UNILATERAL but MULTIFOCAL CNS signs (headpressing, cranial nerves 5, 7-10,12, circling)
- silage, MONOCYTOSIS
txt: Oxytet, Penicillin

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BVD

ABORTION at any time (usually 50-100days MONTHS) (mummified fetus with brachygnathia, cerebellar hypoplasia, cerebral malformation)
feet lesions
Oral ULCERS
scleral hemorrhage

0-50 days: EED
40-125 days: PI calf if NONCYTOPATHIC infection
50-100 days: abortion (if cytopathic)
100-150 days: congenital defects (hydrocephalus, cerebellar hypoplasia)

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Leptospirosis

LATE ABORTION (autolyzed fetus, infertility)
zoonotic
Tx: oxytet

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Foothill Abortion

CATTLE
Epizootic Bovine Abortion
LATE TERM abortion
- +/- Ornithodorus tick; heifers and cows recently introduced to foothill region California (Orgeon/Nevada)
- fetal lymphadenopathy
- tx: Chlorotetracycline

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Uroplasma

rare abortions

- cow doesn’t show signs

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Chlamydia

placentitis
LAMBS
cow doesnt show signs
vaccinate before breeding

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dental formula

0/4 0/0 3/3 3/3

incisor 4 is considered the canine

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Nervous Ketosis

dairy cows in early lactation(NEB)
- hyperexcitable, ataxia, aggression, central blindness
CEREBRAL (not brainstem signs)

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hyperexcitable, ataxia, aggression can all indicate?

lead poisoning
rabies (furious form - uncommon)
hypomagnesemic tetany
BSE

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pizzle rot

ulcerative posthitis and vulvitis
corynebacterium renale (hydrolyzes urea -> ammonia)
tx: limit protein, testosterone implants to wethers
(more common in castrated sheep, occassionally in cattle)

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Heartwater

pericardial effusion (acute, vs. found dead if peracute)
FOREIGN - endemic in africa/caribbean
transmitted by amblyomma

definitive diagnosis = stained brain tissue

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ticks?

other agents?

amblyomma - ehrlichia ruminatum (heartwater)

dermacentor - a. marginale, rickettsia (RMSF), babesia(horse), Q fever, tularemia

face flie (musca) - mycoplasma bovis (pink eye), thelazia in horses

horse fly (tabanid) - bovine leukosis virus

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papple shape

vagal indigestion -> ruminal distention (outflow failure)
scant stool
rectal - L shaped rumen, ventral sac enlarged and right of midline
BRADYCARDIA

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Contagious ecthyema

Orf, Soremouth

PARAPOX VIRUS

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coughing yearling cows

LUNGWORMS (d. viviparous) aka HUSK
Pneumonia characterized by coughing
(vs. older horses with lungworm will have wheezing, coughing)

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Caseous Lymphadenitis

CORYNEBACTERIUM Psuedotuberculosis
CS: abscesses near LNs or in them
chronic, contagious, recurrent persistent
dx: culture of abscesses or serology of internal absceses
tx: cullaffected animals; can use abx but not practical in commercial herds (formalin shoudlnt be used in food animals and its a carcinogen…)

bovine ringworm

Trichophyton verrucosum

especially in calves
nonpruritic, scaly, patchy alopecia around eyes

tetanus treatment?

penicillin

Earliest days to confirm pregnancy?

ultrasound - 26 days | palpation of membrane slip- 32 days if highly skilled; 35 more likely

What can you palpate to confirm cattle pregnancy

30 days - membrane slip 70-90 days - Placentome 90 days - fremitus

vibriosis in small ruminabts

campylobacter jejuni and fetus. | - healthy ewes abort normal or edematous fetuses with edematous placentas with congested cotyledons

Psuedocowpox

aka 'milkers nodules' - parapoxvirus - raised, cratered, +/- yellowish exudate tx: milk using separate machine, predip teat cups with bleach dx: electron microscopy

atresia coli is associated with?

palpation (of amniotic vesicle) in the first 6weeks of gestation. leads to intestinal ischemia and atresia in calves - 30% survive to adulthood - sx not recommended bc heritable

3 Bs of bovine abortion

BVD Brucellosis IBR

organism causes cysts in liver and lungs of sheep

echinococcus - cestode - definitive host is dog, coyote, fox - IH are sheep, goat, cattle, pig, horses, deer, humans

TEME | Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis

HISTOPHILUS SOMNI (sleeper calves) - brainstem and cerebellar signs (also respiratory, septicemia, joint disease) - CSF is XANTHOCHRONIC (due to vasculitis and thrombosis) and NEUTrophilic - feedlot CALVES

BLV test

ELISA for BLV Ab (glycoprotein gp51)

BVD test

immunohistochemistry on skin biopsy

Johnes test

serum ELISA

Blackleg

c. chavoei; after handling/transport | crepitus, brused muscle

Redwater

c. hemolyticum bacillary hemoglobinuria spores in LIVER, necrotic liver anemia, icteris

Black disease

C. novyi type B INFECTIOUS NECROTIC HEPATITIS SHEEP - FLUKE fasciolica hepatica spores in liver (like redwater)

Tetanus

enters puncture wounds SAWHORESE, stiff tail, prolapsed 3rd eyelid severe muscle tremors hypersensitive to noise

Botulism

contaminated feed muscle tremors -> ascending paralysis -> respiratory paralysis MYDRIASIS, ptosis, weak tongue

Enterotexemia

C. perfringens (B,C,E) lambs, kids, piglets, foals UNDER 7 DAYS old weakness, abd distention, bloody diarrhea PURPLE GUT (red fluid filled intestines)

Overeating disease

C perfringens D | pulp kidney disease in sheep/goats

C perfringens type A

hemorrhagic bowel syndrome | NO VAX

salmonella dublin

septicemia in calves 4-8 w PETECHIAL hemorrhage in lungs, heavy wet RED LUNGS tx: cull carriers and vax

Nervous Coccidiosis

<1 yr old | EIMERIA neurotoxin

white sticky feces in calves

Rumin Acidosis (from esophageal dysfunction) (irreg feeding, poor milk, stress) - poorly growing, vocalizing arched

Preconditioning calves includes

- wean several weeks before feedlot - vaccinate (IBR, IBD, PI3, Clostridia - deworm, dehorn, castrate

femoral n. paralysis

- excessive traction of oversized calves during calving - rapid severe ATROPHY of quads, can't extend stifle DOG SITTING (rotate 45 degrees during parturition or C section)

White Muscle Disease

``` Selenium deficiency <6m old striated muscle if heart affected -> pulmonary edema SUDDEN DEATH, ENDOCARDIAL PLAQUES history of vigorous exercise inc. CK, AST ``` tx: give dam's Se

Moroccan leather abomasum

ostertagia

Sheep tapeworm | CS?

Moniezia expansa - nonpathogenic in low numbers - mild unthriftiness, GI in YOUNG SHEEP (4-5 months) infection is cyclical tx: niclosamide, morantel, prazi, benzimazoles

brucella ovis

epididymitis in rams - orchitis with eventual testicular atrophy and thickening and scarring of tunics vs. ewes - late term abortion, stillbirths, weak lambs

Contagious Mastitis

mycoplasma agalactiae REPORTABLE, rare in US - mastitis, localized infection(joint/eye), abortion, weak lambs - ingestion/inhalation which is shed in milk/feces/urine

Blue Tongue

``` - high fever, severe pulmonary edema (dyspnea, frothing), lameness (coronitis), and dermatitis (wool breaks) congenital defects (hydranencephaly) ```