Cattle & sm. Ruminants Flashcards
Brucella abortus
- late term abortion (retained placenta, metritis) (fetus has suppurative bronchopneumonia and lymphoreticular hyperplasia
- in milk, sexually transmitted
- brucella RING TEST (BRT)
- NO SIGNS in YOUNG animals
REPORTABLE quarantine and cull - vaccinate and R ear tag (RB51)
aka Bang’s Disease
(fistulous withers in horses)
IBR
herpes 1
- abortion storms (at any time) (fetus = liver necrosis, spleen, kidney, lung, adrenal, intranuclear inclusion bodies is classic finding)
- RED NOSE
- white plaques in nose
- respiratory and ocular disease
- infectious pustular vaginitis
- no tx; do use live vax in neonates
Campylobacter foetus
- EED
- infertility
- subclinical carrier bulls
- good prognosis, spontaneous recovery
- increased intercalving interval
- looks like trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis
- carrier bulls
- asymtomatic
- EED
+/- pyometra - cull cows; treat bull with IMIDAZOL
Q fever
Coxiella
placentitis, PASTEURIZE
late term abortion
Aspergillus
#1 fungal cause of abortion in cows (fetus = emaciated, dehydration, scaly ringworm like lesions. severe necrotizing placentitis with thickened leathery intercotyledonary area)
Listeria
LATE ABORTION
retained placenta, placentitis, reportable
- Microabscesses in brain - UNILATERAL but MULTIFOCAL CNS signs (headpressing, cranial nerves 5, 7-10,12, circling)
- silage, MONOCYTOSIS
txt: Oxytet, Penicillin
BVD
- ABORTION at any time (usually 50-100days MONTHS) (mummified fetus with brachygnathia, cerebellar hypoplasia, cerebral malformation)
- feet lesions
- Oral ULCERS
- scleral hemorrhage
0-50 days: EED
40-125 days: PI calf if NONCYTOPATHIC infection
50-100 days: abortion (if cytopathic)
100-150 days: congenital defects (hydrocephalus, cerebellar hypoplasia)
Leptospirosis
- LATE ABORTION (autolyzed fetus, infertility)
- zoonotic
- Tx: oxytet
Foothill Abortion
CATTLE Epizootic Bovine Abortion LATE TERM abortion - +/- Ornithodorus tick; heifers and cows recently introduced to foothill region California (Orgeon/Nevada) - fetal lymphadenopathy - tx: Chlorotetracycline
Uroplasma
rare abortions
- cow doesn’t show signs
Chlamydia
placentitis
LAMBS
cow doesnt show signs
vaccinate before breeding
dental formula
0/4 0/0 3/3 3/3
incisor 4 is considered the canine
Nervous Ketosis
dairy cows in early lactation(NEB)
- hyperexcitable, ataxia, aggression, central blindness
CEREBRAL (not brainstem signs)
hyperexcitable, ataxia, aggression can all indicate?
- lead poisoning
- rabies (furious form - uncommon)
- hypomagnesemic tetany
- BSE
pizzle rot
ulcerative posthitis and vulvitis
corynebacterium renale (hydrolyzes urea -> ammonia)
tx: limit protein, testosterone implants to wethers
(more common in castrated sheep, occassionally in cattle)
Heartwater
pericardial effusion (acute, vs. found dead if peracute)
FOREIGN - endemic in africa/caribbean
transmitted by amblyomma
definitive diagnosis = stained brain tissue
ticks?
other agents?
amblyomma - ehrlichia ruminatum (heartwater)
dermacentor - a. marginale, rickettsia (RMSF), babesia(horse), Q fever, tularemia
face flie (musca) - mycoplasma bovis (pink eye), thelazia in horses
horse fly (tabanid) - bovine leukosis virus
papple shape
vagal indigestion -> ruminal distention (outflow failure)
scant stool
rectal - L shaped rumen, ventral sac enlarged and right of midline
BRADYCARDIA
Contagious ecthyema
Orf, Soremouth
PARAPOX VIRUS
coughing yearling cows
LUNGWORMS (d. viviparous) aka HUSK
Pneumonia characterized by coughing
(vs. older horses with lungworm will have wheezing, coughing)
Caseous Lymphadenitis
CORYNEBACTERIUM Psuedotuberculosis
CS: abscesses near LNs or in them
chronic, contagious, recurrent persistent
dx: culture of abscesses or serology of internal absceses
tx: cullaffected animals; can use abx but not practical in commercial herds (formalin shoudlnt be used in food animals and its a carcinogen…)
bovine ringworm
Trichophyton verrucosum
- especially in calves
- nonpruritic, scaly, patchy alopecia around eyes
tetanus treatment?
penicillin
Earliest days to confirm pregnancy?
ultrasound - 26 days
palpation of membrane slip- 32 days if highly skilled; 35 more likely
What can you palpate to confirm cattle pregnancy
30 days - membrane slip
70-90 days - Placentome
90 days - fremitus
vibriosis in small ruminabts
campylobacter jejuni and fetus.
- healthy ewes abort normal or edematous fetuses with edematous placentas with congested cotyledons
Psuedocowpox
aka ‘milkers nodules’
- parapoxvirus
- raised, cratered, +/- yellowish exudate
tx: milk using separate machine, predip teat cups with bleach
dx: electron microscopy
atresia coli is associated with?
palpation (of amniotic vesicle) in the first 6weeks of gestation. leads to intestinal ischemia and atresia in calves
- 30% survive to adulthood
- sx not recommended bc heritable
3 Bs of bovine abortion
BVD
Brucellosis
IBR
organism causes cysts in liver and lungs of sheep
echinococcus
- cestode
- definitive host is dog, coyote, fox
- IH are sheep, goat, cattle, pig, horses, deer, humans
TEME
Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis
HISTOPHILUS SOMNI (sleeper calves)
- brainstem and cerebellar signs (also respiratory, septicemia, joint disease)
- CSF is XANTHOCHRONIC (due to vasculitis and thrombosis) and NEUTrophilic
- feedlot CALVES
BLV test
ELISA for BLV Ab (glycoprotein gp51)
BVD test
immunohistochemistry on skin biopsy
Johnes test
serum ELISA
Blackleg
c. chavoei; after handling/transport
crepitus, brused muscle
Redwater
c. hemolyticum
bacillary hemoglobinuria
spores in LIVER, necrotic liver
anemia, icteris
Black disease
C. novyi type B
INFECTIOUS NECROTIC HEPATITIS
SHEEP - FLUKE fasciolica hepatica
spores in liver (like redwater)
Tetanus
enters puncture wounds
SAWHORESE, stiff tail, prolapsed 3rd eyelid
severe muscle tremors
hypersensitive to noise
Botulism
contaminated feed
muscle tremors -> ascending paralysis -> respiratory paralysis
MYDRIASIS, ptosis, weak tongue
Enterotexemia
C. perfringens (B,C,E)
lambs, kids, piglets, foals UNDER 7 DAYS old
weakness, abd distention, bloody diarrhea
PURPLE GUT (red fluid filled intestines)
Overeating disease
C perfringens D
pulp kidney disease in sheep/goats
C perfringens type A
hemorrhagic bowel syndrome
NO VAX
salmonella dublin
septicemia in calves 4-8 w
PETECHIAL hemorrhage in lungs, heavy wet RED LUNGS
tx: cull carriers and vax
Nervous Coccidiosis
<1 yr old
EIMERIA neurotoxin
white sticky feces in calves
Rumin Acidosis (from esophageal dysfunction)
(irreg feeding, poor milk, stress)
- poorly growing, vocalizing arched
Preconditioning calves includes
- wean several weeks before feedlot
- vaccinate (IBR, IBD, PI3, Clostridia
- deworm, dehorn, castrate
femoral n. paralysis
- excessive traction of oversized calves during calving
- rapid severe ATROPHY of quads, can’t extend stifle
DOG SITTING
(rotate 45 degrees during parturition or C section)
White Muscle Disease
Selenium deficiency <6m old striated muscle if heart affected -> pulmonary edema SUDDEN DEATH, ENDOCARDIAL PLAQUES history of vigorous exercise inc. CK, AST
tx: give dam’s Se
Moroccan leather abomasum
ostertagia
Sheep tapeworm
CS?
Moniezia expansa
- nonpathogenic in low numbers
- mild unthriftiness, GI in YOUNG SHEEP (4-5 months)
infection is cyclical
tx: niclosamide, morantel, prazi, benzimazoles
brucella ovis
epididymitis in rams
- orchitis with eventual testicular atrophy and thickening and scarring of tunics
vs. ewes - late term abortion, stillbirths, weak lambs
Contagious Mastitis
mycoplasma agalactiae
REPORTABLE, rare in US
- mastitis, localized infection(joint/eye), abortion, weak lambs
- ingestion/inhalation which is shed in milk/feces/urine
Blue Tongue
- high fever, severe pulmonary edema (dyspnea, frothing), lameness (coronitis), and dermatitis (wool breaks) congenital defects (hydranencephaly)
