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Clinics! > Toxicity - NAVLE > Flashcards

Toxicity - NAVLE Flashcards

1
Q

Moldy Corn

A

fusarium - (and fumonisin) LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA, blindness, head pressing, delerium, sweating, incordination
(liquifactive necrosis)
vs. Pigs - hypertension and pulmonary edema(PPE)

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2
Q

Bracken Fern

A

thiaminase plant
Horse/Pigs- loss of body condition, uncoordinated, twitching, tremors, seizures

Cattle - enzootic hematuria (cystitis, neoplasia); bone marrow suppression (dec. plat, granulocytes -> coag, immune dysfunction

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3
Q

yellow star thistle

A

“Chewing disease”
Nigropallidal encephalomalacia
dysphagia

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4
Q

Monensin (ionophore)

A

in cattle feed (growth promoter)

  • Horses more susceptible! weakness, ataxia, tremors, tachycardia
  • RHABDOMYOLYSIS, cardiomyopathy (epicardial hemorrhages ) (high CK)

vs. Cattle at high doses: ascites, hydrothorax, pulmonary edema

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5
Q

Slaframine

A

hypersalivation

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6
Q

Sorghum, kochia

A

pelvic incoordination, urine dribbling, myelomalacia in lower spine

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7
Q

Sweet Pea

A

stringhalt, sudden flexion of hindlimbs when backed up.

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8
Q

Organophosphate

A

Achase Inhibitor

  • SLUD (over stimulate muscarinic receptors; diarrhea, bradycardia)
    tx. atropine, 2Pam(pralidoxime)
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9
Q

Fescue

A

fungus - neotyphodium
ergot-like mold - dopamine agonist,
Lameness and hyperthermia in cattle and horses
prolonged gestation, placental thickening, agalactia

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10
Q

black walnut

A

laminitis and colic

reluctant to move, shifting

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11
Q

blister beetles

- whats the toxin?

A

cantharidin,
COLIC, PU, tachy, sweating, lethargy
PROFUSE DIARRHEA, STRANGURIA, pollakiuria

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12
Q

Red Maple

A

hemolytic anemia

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13
Q

Castor Bean

A

GI hemorrhage, hemmorhhagic diarrhea, hemolysis

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14
Q

Moldy sweet clover

A

inhibit vitamin k, anti-coag

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15
Q

oak leaves/acorns (Quercus)

A
  1. GI (abdominal pain and diarrhea)

2. tubular nephrosis/nephritis (proteinuria, casts, low USG, azotemia) cattle

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16
Q

eastern tent caterpillars

A

Mare reproductive loss syndrome

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17
Q

senecio/groundsel

A

liver ds

18
Q

St Johns wart

A

primary photosensitizer -> photophobia, conjuncivitis, sloughed skin, icterus

19
Q

blue green algae

A

sudden death
(within minutes of drinking water)
(1.5 L can kill a cow)

20
Q

slaframine

A

hypersalivation

21
Q

PA toxicity

A

liver ds. megalocytosis, fibrosis, bile duct hyperplasia

22
Q

3-methyl indole

A

fog fever
lush pasture
pulmonary emphysema and edema

23
Q

Moldy Sweet potato

A

4 ipomeanol
farmers lung
wet firm, dark red lobules

24
Q

gossypol

A

cotton seed
sudden death
cardio toxin, sterility in bulls , dec. conception

25
Q

tansy ragwort

also arnsinckia intermedia, senecio/groundsel

A

PA
liver ds
megalocytosis, bile duct hyperplasia, fibrosis

26
Q

sudan grass

A

nitrate poisoning

tx newmethylene blue

27
Q

photosensitizers

A

1- st johns wart
secondary - Brassica, blue-green algae, groundsel(senecio), Amsinckia intermedia

1-skin lesion, better prognosis
2- impaired hepatic function reduces excretion; also skin lesions

28
Q

plant with cyanide

treatment?

A

prunus plant

tx: sodium nitrate or sodium thiosulfate IV

29
Q

Lupine (lupinous species)

A

Congenital(if dams eat between 40-70d of pregnancy): crooked calf disease
adults: aimlessly wandering, dyspneic, collapse, seizure, and death.

30
Q

Oleander (Nerium)

A

cardiac glycoside, arrythmia, colic

sudden death

31
Q

locoweed (Oxytropis species)

aka astragalus

A

depressed, lethargic,
CHF, abortion
*worsens brisket disease, also worsen at high elevations (high mountain disease)

32
Q

Goitrogenic plants

A

soybens, kale, turnips, cabbage, rape

33
Q

Aflatoxin

A

toxic straings of Aspergillis on peanuts, soybeans, corn

- widespread hemorrhage, icterus, acute death. subacute more common - anorexia, weight loss, unthriftiness

34
Q

Trichothecenes

A

another fusarium spp.

immunosuppression, irritation of skin, MM, GE

35
Q

perilla mint

A

cattle - heavy wet lungs. damage to type 1 pneumocytes. CS: dyspnic, open mouth breathing

36
Q

Ergotism

A

alkaloids in Claviceps purpurea(fungus) in small grains (rye, wheat,bluegrass)

37
Q

Perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne)

A

sheep, cattle, llamas (signs reverse if hay removed)
ryegrass staggers
tremorgenic neutoxin produced by endophyte fungus neotyphodium lolii

38
Q

skunk cabbage

A

sheep, cattle

steroidal alkaloids cause vomiting, bradycard, dyspnea, paralysis, coma

39
Q

pig weed (amaranthus)

A

renal

40
Q

ponderosa pine

pinus ponderosa

A

late term abortion in CATTLE
horses, sheep, goats NOT AFFECTED
- needles and bark contain isocupressic acid -> vasoconstriction, dec. blood flow to uterus and other tissues. ischemic necrosis of CL results in lack of P4 and abortion 2-21 days after ingestion of 5-6 lbs of pine needles per day for 3 days.
- before abortion there is edema of vulva and udder, bloody mucoid vaginal discharge

41
Q

Veratrum (false hellebore, skunk cabbage)

A

congenital defects in lambs (cyclops)

  • steroidal alkaloid
  • goats/sheep readily eat; cattle only if forage is scarce
  • rarely ingest enought to get clinical signs - bradycardia, hypotension, labored breathing, hypersalivation, vomiting, convulsions in 2-3 hrs

Clinics! (19 decks)

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