Oncology

Question 1

Histopathological features that determine tumor grade

Answer 1

Mitotic index / figures seen in 10 fields
degree of necrosis
local invasiveness
overall cellularity

Question 2

TMN staging system

Answer 2

T - tumor size of primary tumor
N - local lymph node involvement
M - distant metastisis

Question 3

staging oral melanoma

Answer 3

1-<2 cm
2-2<4 cm
3- >4cm
4- distant mets

Question 4

staging osteosarcoma

Answer 4

1-no mets
2- high grade
3- with mets
a-intramedullary
b-extramed

Question 5

staging mast cell

Answer 5

1-confined to dermis
2-dermis w/ node
3-multiple tumors, large infiltrates
4-distant mets or recurrence

Question 6

staging lymphoma

Answer 6

1-lymph node
2- multiple nodes (same side)
3- multiple nodes both sides of diaphragm 
4-spleen or liver
5-marrow involved
a- none; b-clinical signs

Question 7

Grading lymphoma

Answer 7

High Grade - larger lymphocytes, usually B, dogs

Low Grade - lymphocytes size of RBCs, usually T, usually Cats

Question 8

side effects vincristine

Answer 8

extravasation
polyneuropathy
constipation - cats, ileus- dogs

Question 9

side effects doxorubicin

Answer 9

cardiotoxic (irreversible DCM) in dogs
renal toxicity
extravasation - tissue necrosis and sloughing
hypersensitivity, v/d

Question 10

cytoxas (cyclophosphamide) side effects

Answer 10

sterile hemorrage cystitis
c/s, dysuria, pollakuriaa, hematuria 24-72 hrs post
(rare in cats)

Question 11

side effects lomustine

Answer 11

myelosuppression acute - neutrophil nadir 7 days post, chronic causes cumulative and irreversible thrombocytopenia
hepatotoxic in dogs