Misc.

Question 1

Flaccid paralysis is an _____ motor neuron disease.

possible differentials?

Answer 1

lower motor neuron

1. Coral snake
2. Tick paralysis
3. Myasthenia gravis
4. clostridium botulinum
5. Polyradiculoneuritis

Question 2

stiff paralysis is an _____ motor neuron disease

Answer 2

upper

Question 3

(coral snake) anti-venom moa

Answer 3

Ach receptor block

Question 4

landmarks for placing feeding tubes
esophageal?
v. gastric?

How much do you feed?

Answer 4

esophageal - ribs 7-9
gastric - last rib

25% RER on Day 1, 50% day 2 etc.

Question 5

Signs of lesion of the:
oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Trigeminal (V)
Abducent (6)
glossopharyngeal 9 
accessory 11
hypoglossal 12

Answer 5

lateral and ventral - oculomotor (III)
rotational - Trochlear (IV)
drop jaw/ muscles of mastication - Trigeminal (V) 
medial strabismus - Abducent (6)
gag - glossopharyngeal 9 
trapezius - accessory 11
tongue deviatoin - hypoglossal 12

Question 6

cat absesses usually have what kind of bacteria?

Answer 6

g- bacteria

Question 7

Intrahepatic shunt

Answer 7

-stent with coil (no a great surgical option)
cutting off too fast causes portal hypertension, v/d (blood in GI)
- can give lactulose ( for hepatic encephalopathy, dec. pH in intestines by inc H+ and creating NH4+ which can’t cross the BBB
- can also give abx for ammonia producing bacteria in gut (neomycin, ??)
- restrict protein in diet (predisposes them to urates(made from purines) urates are converted to allantoin in liver (when liver disease is present cannot convert as much, increases uric acid/ urate)
-Dalmations and english bulldogs are predisposed (to urates?)`

Question 8

purine pathway

drug that can block one of those steps?

Answer 8

purine -> xanthine -> urate(uric acid) -> allantoin

Allapuranol (blocks xanthine -> urate; get xanthine stones)

Question 9

perineal herniation is associated with

Answer 9

testosterone (intact males)

Question 10

Kidney Stones

Answer 10

CaOxalate more likely than struvites(infection)

Question 11

nasal tubes landmarks

Answer 11

esophageal - 7-9th rib

gastric - last rib

Question 12

possible sequela to facial nerve deficitf

Answer 12

exposure keratitis.

- CN VII is responsibe for lacrimation, when that is dimintioned theres EK.

Question 13

Which nerve deficit causes…

• exposure keratitis?
• loss of motor muscles mastication?
• strabismus?
• nystagmus?

Answer 13

• exposure keratitis - facial 7
• loss of motor muscles mastication: 5 (mandibular branch)
• strabismus: 3, 4, 6
• nystagmus: 8