tuberculosis Flashcards
what was tubuculosis known as in the 1700’s
white plague
where are the highest rates of TB
Africa and South Asia
what are the risk factors
- HIV
- Malnutrition
- Diabetes
- Alcohol use
- Active smoking
- Indoor pollution.
how is TB transmitted
aerosols
the infectious dose for TB is
low
what are the stages of TB
exposure, latent TB infection, active TB disease, reactivation
what is exposure to TB
when someone has been in contact with someone with TB
what is a latent TB infection
when TB is in the body but no symptoms present
what is an active TB disease
when a person shows signs and symptoms of active TB infection
what is reactivation of TB
reactivation of latent infections
What gram is mycobacterium tuberculosis Mtb
positive
what shape is mycobacterium tuberculosis Mtb
bacilli
where does Mtb replicate and survive
within macrophages
how does Mtb spread throughout the body
Mtb causes cell death in macrophages, this causes dissemination of the macrophages which infects other macrophages
what is EPTB
extra pulmonary TB
where does EPTB occur
outside the lungs
what are the main sites affected during EPTB
genitourinary, bones & joints, pleura, lymphatics, CNS
what types of groups are at highest risk for EPTB
HIV, and children
what are the symptoms of TB
- Cough with blood
- Chest pains
- Weakness, weight loss
- Fever and night sweats
why is EPTB harder to diagnose
symptoms are vague
what is the treatment for TB
anti-TB agents
what is the biggest challenge when treating TB
ensuring developing countries finish their course of antibiotics
what countries have the highest rates of resistant TB
india and china
what are the causes for drug resistant TB
- Poor quality drugs
- Lack of TB control
- Failure to complete treatment
