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infection > tuberculosis > Flashcards

tuberculosis Flashcards

1
Q

what was tubuculosis known as in the 1700’s

A

white plague

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2
Q

where are the highest rates of TB

A

Africa and South Asia

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3
Q

what are the risk factors

A
  • HIV
  • Malnutrition
  • Diabetes
  • Alcohol use
  • Active smoking
  • Indoor pollution.
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4
Q

how is TB transmitted

A

aerosols

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5
Q

the infectious dose for TB is

A

low

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6
Q

what are the stages of TB

A

exposure, latent TB infection, active TB disease, reactivation

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7
Q

what is exposure to TB

A

when someone has been in contact with someone with TB

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8
Q

what is a latent TB infection

A

when TB is in the body but no symptoms present

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9
Q

what is an active TB disease

A

when a person shows signs and symptoms of active TB infection

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10
Q

what is reactivation of TB

A

reactivation of latent infections

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11
Q

What gram is mycobacterium tuberculosis Mtb

A

positive

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12
Q

what shape is mycobacterium tuberculosis Mtb

A

bacilli

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13
Q

where does Mtb replicate and survive

A

within macrophages

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14
Q

how does Mtb spread throughout the body

A

Mtb causes cell death in macrophages, this causes dissemination of the macrophages which infects other macrophages

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15
Q

what is EPTB

A

extra pulmonary TB

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16
Q

where does EPTB occur

A

outside the lungs

17
Q

what are the main sites affected during EPTB

A

genitourinary, bones & joints, pleura, lymphatics, CNS

18
Q

what types of groups are at highest risk for EPTB

A

HIV, and children

19
Q

what are the symptoms of TB

A
  • Cough with blood
  • Chest pains
  • Weakness, weight loss
  • Fever and night sweats
20
Q

why is EPTB harder to diagnose

A

symptoms are vague

21
Q

what is the treatment for TB

A

anti-TB agents

22
Q

what is the biggest challenge when treating TB

A

ensuring developing countries finish their course of antibiotics

23
Q

what countries have the highest rates of resistant TB

A

india and china

24
Q

what are the causes for drug resistant TB

A
  • Poor quality drugs
  • Lack of TB control
  • Failure to complete treatment

infection (46 decks)

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