GI infections Flashcards
what are the methods of transmission for GI infections
face-oral
foodborne
environmental
airborne
what are primary prevention methods for GI infections
food safety, water quality, public awareness, foreign travel
how to reduce GI infections at home
cooking food, cleaning, stopping cross-contamination
how to prevent GI infections when eating and buying food
food hygiene ratings, use-by and best before dates
how to reduce GI infections when at open farms
wash hands after petting animals
what does the HAACP do
review businesses
identify critical control points to ensure risks are removed
decide action necessary if something goes wrong
keep records
ensure procedures are followed
what does HAACP stand for
Hazard analysis and critical control point
what are food hygiene inspections look for?
how safely food is handled in practice
the premises: clean, layout, facilities
measures taken to maintain hygiene standards
the frequency of food hygiene inspections is dependent on
- type of food
- number and type of customers
- hygiene standards on last inspection
what are enteric precautions
taken to prevention infections that are transmitted indirect or direct of fecal matter
what are examples of enteric precautions
- personal hygiene
- environmental cleaning
- disposal of solids
when should you wash hands
after going to the toilet, or changing a nappy
before eating and handling food
when preparing or serving food
after contact with animals
risk groups for people affected by GI infections
children, food handlers, clinical, social care, nursery staff
what is the most common cause of travellers diarrhoea
campylobacter
what is the most common bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis
campylobacter
how is campylobacter spread
undercooked meats, contaminated water and animal contact
how is cryptosporidiosis spread
contact with animals, person to person, contaminated water
where are the most common outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis
water supplies and swimming pools
what is encompassed under enteric fever
typhoid and paratyphoid
how is giardiasis transmitted
person-person, waterborne, animal contact
what is the public health management for giardiasis
no swimming for 2 weeks after infection because cysts are resistant to chlorine
how is hep A spread
person-person, foreign travel, contaminated water and food
what is the public health response to hep A
vaccination
most cases of listeriosis are
food borne
how is listeriosis transmitted
vertical (mother to baby)
what are the consequences of listeriosis on the foetus
still birth, Neo-natal meningitis
what is public health advice for pregnant mothers for listeriosis
avoid coming into contact with newborn animal birth products
how is norovirus spread
person-person, inhalation, ingestion
what are the symptoms of norovirus
sudden onset of nausea, projectile vomitting, watery diarrhoea
how is salmon spread
uncooked meats, raw eggs, contaminated milk, person-person
how is shigella spread
person-person, environment- person, foreign travel, infected food and water
STEC causes
mild gastroenteritis
STEC can cause a more severe condition called
Haemolytic uraemia syndrome
what is the reservoir for STEC
cattle and ruminants
what is the reservoir for STEC
cattle and ruminants
what are the 6 f’s
food, ringers, flies fluid, faeces and formats
how long is a exclusion period
48 hours
