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2. HLTH 109 > Trunk wall I > Flashcards

Trunk wall I Flashcards

1
Q

trunk made up of:

A
  • thoracic wall

- abdominal wall

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2
Q

thoracic cage: main parts

A
  • 12 pairs ribs
  • costal cartilage
  • sternum
  • 12 thoracic verterbrae
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3
Q

thorax: general features

A
  • irregular shaped cylinder
  • narrow superiorly, large opening inferiorly
  • musculoskeletal wall: L/R pleural cavities, mediastinum
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4
Q

mediastinum: features

A
  • thick soft tissue partition contains:
  • esophagus
  • heart
  • trachea
  • major nerves
  • major blood vessels
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5
Q

pleural cavity:

A
  • separated by mediastinum

- extends superiorly above first rib contains lungs

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6
Q

thorax: functions

A
  • breathing
  • protection of vital organs
  • conduit
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7
Q

thoracic wall boundaries: posteriorly

A

12 thoracic vertebra and IV discs

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8
Q

thoracic wall boundaries: laterally

A
  • ribs (12 per side) and intercostal

- muscles

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9
Q

thoracic wall boundaries: anteriorly

A

sternum

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10
Q

superior thoracic aperture boundaries: posteriorly

A

body of T1

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11
Q

superior thoracic aperture boundaries: laterally

A

medial margin rib 1

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12
Q

superior thoracic aperture boundaries: anteriorly

A

manubrium

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13
Q

superior thoracic aperture: contents

A
  • upper limb and thorax: over 1st rib and superior part of pleural cavity as they enter/ exit mediastinum
  • head and neck and thorax: more vertically
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14
Q

inferior thoracic aperture: features

A
  • large and expandable

- margins: bone, cartilage, ligs closed by diaphragm

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15
Q

inferior thoracic aperture boundaries: posteriorly

A

body T12

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16
Q

inferior thoracic aperture boundaries: posterolaterally

A

rib 12, distal end rib 11

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17
Q

inferior thoracic aperture boundaries: anterolaterally

A

distal cartilaginous ends of ribs 7-10 (unite to form costal margin)

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18
Q

inferior thoracic aperture boundaries: anteriorly

A

xiphoid process

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19
Q

list (5) joints:

A
  • costovertebral
  • sternocostal
  • interchondral
  • manubriosternal
  • xiphisternal
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20
Q

articulations of ribs 2-9:

A

head of rib w:

  • 2 demi facets of body of own vertebra (superior costal facet)
  • body above (inf costal facet)

rib tubercle w:
- TVP of own vertebra at transverse costal facet

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21
Q

variations: T1

A

facet + demifacet

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22
Q

variations: T9

A

1 demifacet

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23
Q

variations: T10

A

1 facet

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24
Q

variations: T11-12

A

1 facet, no transverse costal facet

25
Q

typical ribs: eg and features

A

ribs 3-9:

  • curved shaft
  • ant end continuous w costal cartilage
  • post end articulates w vertebral column (head, neck, tubercle)

shaft: superior margin (smooth, round) inferior margin (sharp, has costal groove)
angle: shaft lateral to tubercle forwards

26
Q

typical rib: head

A

expanded, 2 articular surfaces separated by crest

27
Q

typical rib: neck

A

short flat region separating head and tubercle

28
Q

typical rib: tubercle

A

projects inferiorly:

  • articular part: medial w oval facet -> facet of TVP
  • non articular part: rough for lig attachment
29
Q

atypical rib: rib 1

A
  • flat (horizontal plane)
  • broad sup/inf surfaces
  • attach to manubrium
  • 1 facet (only w body of T1)
  • scalene tubercle (superior surface) separates two grooves: ant (subclavian v) post (subclavian aa)
  • shaft roughened for attachments
30
Q

atypical rib: rib 2

A

flat like rib 1, longer

31
Q

atypical rib: rib 10

A

single facet for T10

32
Q

atypical rib: ribs 11-12

A

no tubercles or necks - only articulates w body of own vertebra

  • short, lil curve
  • point anteriorly
33
Q

costovertebral joints: consist of

A
  • joints of heads of ribs

- costotransverse

34
Q

costovertebral joints: joints and ligs allow

A
  • rotation around longitudinal axes (mainly upper ribs)

- OR ascend/ descend relative to vertebral column (mainly lower)

35
Q

joints of head of ribs: features

A
  • 2 facets articulate: superior facet of own vertebra, inf facet of vertebra above
  • 2 synovial compartments separated by intra-articular lig which: attach to crest of IV disc, separates 2 articular surfaces on head of rib
  • single joint capsule around both synovial comp + lig
36
Q

costotransverse joints:

A

synovial joint btw tubercle of rib and TVP of related vertebra

37
Q

costotransverse joints: list ligs

A
  • costotransverse
  • lateral costotransverse
  • superior costotransverse
38
Q

costotransverse joints: movement

A

slight gliding

39
Q

sternocostal joints: btw

A

btw 7 costal cartilages and sternum

40
Q

sternocostal joints: classify rib 1 - maubrium

A
  • synarthrosis

- fibrocartilaginous joint of 1st rib

41
Q

sternocostal joints: classify 2-7th

A

synovial, reinforced by surrounding sternocostal ligs (thin capsule)

42
Q

sternocostal joints: classify 2nd costal cartilage - sternum

A
  • divided into 2 compartments by; intra-articular lig

- attaches 2nd costal cartilage - manubriosternal junction

43
Q

interchondral joint: features

A
  • costal cartilage of ribs 7-10
  • indirect anchorage to sternum, help form smooth inf costal margin
  • usually synovial, reinforced by interchondral ligs
44
Q

manubriosternal and xiphisternal joint: features and movement

A
  • btw manubrium + body,
  • xiphoid process + body
  • usually symphyses both
  • slight angular movements btw manubrium + body during respiration
  • joints ossify w age
45
Q

intercostal spaces: btw

A

adjacent ribs, contains intercostal muscles

46
Q

intercostal spaces: neurovascular bundle

A
  • btw internal + innermost intercostals within costal groove

- intercostal vein/ artery/ nerve

47
Q

costal groove: placement

A
  • vein superior
  • artery inferior to v
  • nerve most inferior (not protected by groove)
48
Q

intercostal spaces: endothoracic fascia

A
  • contains variable fat
  • deep to intercostal spaces
  • separates structures from pleura
49
Q

intercostal spaces: deep/ superficial fascia

A
  • both superficial to intercostal spaces

- muscles of upper limb and back overlie the spaces

50
Q

thoracic wall muscles are muscles that:

A
  • fill/ support intercostal spaces
  • pass btw sternum and ribs
  • cross several ribs btw costal attachments
  • reinforce thoracic wall
51
Q

thoracic wall: muscles btw vertebra and ribs posteriorly and function

A
  • levatores costarum
  • serratus posterior/ inferior
  • alter position of ribs + sternum to change thoracic volume during respiration
52
Q

list intercostal muscles

A
  • external
  • internal
  • innermost
53
Q

external intercostals: features

A
  • 11 pairs

extend from:

  • inferior margin of rib -> superior margin rib below
  • tubercles of ribs -> costal cartilage
  • will continue as thin CT aponeurosis- external intercostal membrane
54
Q

external intercostals: angular direction and function

A
  • obliquely anteroinferiorly

- mostly inspiration

55
Q

internal intercostals: features

A
  • 11 pairs
  • btw most inf lateral edge of costal groove -> superior margin rib below
  • parasternal regions (btw costal cartilage) to angle of ribs posteriorly
  • continues to vertebral column as internal intercostal membrane
56
Q

internal intercostals: angular direction and function

A
  • obliquely inferiorly

- mostly expiration

57
Q

innermost muscles: features

A
  • least distinct
  • same orientation as internal intercostals
  • most evident: lateral thoracic wall
  • medial edge of costal groove -> deep surface rib below
  • neurovascular bundles pass btw innermost/ internal
58
Q

subcostal muscles:

A
  • same plane as innermost intercostals: fibres parallel internal intercostals
  • internal surface of one rib -> internal surface of next/ third rib below
  • from angle of rib -> medial rib below
  • more numerous in lower regions of post thoracic wall
59
Q

transversus thoracis:

A
  • deep surface ant thoracic wall
  • same plane as innermost intercostals
  • post aspect of xiphoid process/ inf part of body/ adjacent costal cartilage/ true lower ribs
  • superiorly laterally
  • insertion: lower borders of costal cartilage of ribs 3-6
  • deep to internal thoracic vessels, secure vessels to wall

2. HLTH 109 (29 decks)

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