Intro: lower limb Flashcards
list divisions of the lower limb:
- gluteal
- thigh
- knee
- leg
- foot
what is the anchor point for attachment of axial skeleton:
sacroiliac joints and ligaments
define gluteal region:
posterolateral, btw iliac crest and gluteal fold
define thigh region:
btw inguinal lig (ant)/ gluteal fold (post) and knee joint
- hip joint is inf to middle 1/3 of inguinal lig
define leg region:
btw knee and ankle
define foot region:
distal to ankle
list 3 transition areas:
- femoral triangle
- popliteal fossa
- tarsal tunnel
femoral triangle:
- common femoral artery
- and femoral nerve enter thigh from the abdomen by passing under the inguinal lig
popliteal fossa:
popliteal artery/ vein
- sciatic nn. pass from leg to thigh
tarsal tunnel:
many nerves, vessels and flexor tendons pass btw leg and foot
- flexor retinaculum holds tendons in position
list bones of lower limb:
- hip
- femur
- patella
- tibia
- fibula
- phalanges
- metatarsals
- calcaneus
what does femur articulate with:
tibia, patella, acetabulum
knee joint: general features
- flexion/ extension of leg
- rotation of femur on the tibia (locking mechanism)
fibula articulates with:
- not part of knee joint
- superior and inferior tibiofibular joints
list 7 tarsal bones:
Come and Catch Navy TuCker
- cuneiforms (middle, intermediate, lateral)
- cuboid
- navicular
- talus
- calcaneus
list 7 joints of foot:
- subtalar joint
- talocalcaneonavicular j
- calcaneonavicular j
- interphalangeal j
- tarsometatarsal j
- metatarsophalangeal j
- calcaneocuboid j
list compartments of the thigh:
- anterior
- medial
- posterior
list compartments of the leg:
- anterior
- posterior
- lateral
types of muscles of gluteal region:
- hip extensors
- hip abductors
- hip lateral rotators
list muscles of gluteal region:
- gluteus maximus
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimis
- pirifomis
- obturators
- gemellus
- quadratus femoris
types of muscles of post abdominal wall:
hip flexors
list muscles of post abdominal wall:
- psoas
- iliacus
action: anterior com of thigh
extend the knee
action: medial com of thigh
adduct the hip
action: post com of thigh
hip extensors
knee flexors
action: ant com of leg
dorsiflex foot and extend digits
action: lateral com of leg
evert the foot
action: post com of leg
plantarflex foot, flex digits
muscles in: ant com of thigh
- sartorius
- quadriceps femoris
- tensor fascia latae
muscles in: medial com of thigh
- gracilis
- pectineus
- adductor longus/ brevis/ magnus
muscles in: post com of thigh
- biceps femoris
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
muscles in: ant com of leg
- tibialis ant
- extensor hallucis longus
- extensor digitorum longus
- fibularis teritius
muscles in: lateral com of leg
- fibularis longus
- fibularis brevis
muscles in: post com of leg
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- plantaris
- deep group
nerve supply of lower limbs:
- lumbar plexus (L1 - L3/4)
- sacral plexus (L4 - S3)
arterial supply: first part
- common iliac aa.
- > external/ internal iliac aa.
- > femoral/ profunda femoris aa.
when does ext iliac become femoral aa:
- crosses over the inguinal ligament
arterial supply: part 2
popliteal aa. -> anterior/ post tibial arteries
venous drainage: 2 parts
- deep veins (follow arteries)
- superficial (subcutaneous ct.) drains into deep veins
venous drainage: veins
common iliac v -> internal/ ext iliac vein -> inferior/ superior gluteal veins -> obturator v -> femoral vein -> popliteal v -> anterior/ post tibial veins
small and great saphenous veins (superficial) -> medial/ lateral marginal v -> dorsal venous arch
= pelvis:
os coxae
- sacrum and coccyx
parts of hip bone:
ilium, pubis, ischium
pelvis brim:
promontory of sacrum, alae of sacrum, arcuate line, pecten pubis, pubic crest
- greater and lesser (false/ true)
sex differences of female:
female:
- pelvic inlet circular
- pubic arch larger (80-85˚)
- ischial spine don’t project far medially
sex differences of male:
- pelvic inlet heart-shaped
- pubic arch smaller (50-60˚)
- ischial spine project farther medially
hip joint: classification
synovial ball and socket
hip joint: articulating surfaces
- head of femur
- acetabulum of pelvis (lunate) with labrum
hip joint: ligaments (7)
- iliofemoral lig
- ischiofemoral lig
- pubofemoral lig
- acetabular labrum
- zona orbiularis
- transverse acetabular lig
- lig of head of femur
hip joint: movements
- flex/ ext
- abd/ add
- medial/ lateral rotation (moving greater trochanter forward and backwards)
stabilising factors of hip joint:
- deep socket
- strong ligaments
- muscles surrounding joint
capsular ligaments of hip joint: and features which help stabilise
illiofemoral lig
- pubofemoral lig
- ischiofemoral lig
- all 3 ligs spiral around each other so when one lig is relaxed, another would always be taut
sacroiliac joint: classification
synovial plane
sacroiliac joint: articulating surfaces
auricular surface of ilium, auricular surface of sacrum
sacroiliac joint: ligaments
- interosseous lig
- anterior sacroiliac lig
- post sacroiliac lig
- sacrotuberous lig
- sacrospinous lig
pubic symphysis: classification
cartilaginous symphysis
pubic symphysis: articulating surfaces
pubic bones, symphyseal surfaces (fibrocartilage disc)
pubic symphysis: ligaments
- superior pubic
- inferior pubic
how much of the femoral and humeral head accepted?
glenoid cavity: 1/3
acetabulum: 1/2
