Joints: back Flashcards
classify joint: vertebral bodies
symphysis, secondary cartilaginous
articular surfaces: vertebral body joints
- inferior/ superior surfaces of adjacent vertebrae, connected by fibrocartilaginous disc
function of vertebral body joints
weight bearing and strength
intervertebral discs: function
- strong attachments btw bodies into semi rigid column
- cont to ant wall of vertebral column
- form ant-inferior 1/2 of ant wall of IV foramen
where is there no IV disc
btw C1 and C2
intervertebral discs: thickness
- relatively thickest in cervical and lumbar
- IV disc are thicker anteriorly in these regions
intervertebral discs: consists of
- anulus fibrosus
- nucleus pulposus
anulus fibrosus: features
- outer part ring: concentric lamellae of fibrocartilage
- fibres of lamellae at angle 60+˚
- thinner posteriorly
- vascularisation decreases centrally
- sensory inn only in outer 1/3
nucleus pulposus: features
- gelatinous central mass
- this semifluid nature contributes to flexibility and resilience of VC
- avascular
- broader when compressed
list two main ligaments:
- anterior longitudinal lig
- posterior longitudinal lig
ant longitudinal lig: features
- broad strong band
- connects anterolateral aspects of V bodies and IV discs
- ant tubercle of C1 (and occipital bone) -> sacrum (pelvic surface)
ant longitudinal lig: function
prevents hyperextension of vertebral column
post longitudinal lig: features
- narrower and weaker than ant long lig
- within vertebral canal
- post aspect of V bodies and IV discs
- from C2 -> sacrum
post longitudinal lig: function
prevents hyperflexion of VC and helps prevent/ redirect herniation of nucleus pulposus
uncovertebral joints (clefts):
- btw uncinate processes of bodies C3/4 - C6/7
- inferolateral surfaces 0f bodies superior to them
- have synovial fluid in them
zygapophyseal (facet) joints: classify
- synovial plane
zygapophyseal (facet) joints: articular surfaces
- superior/ inferior articular processes
zygapophyseal (facet) joints: features
- thin fibrous capsule (esp cervical)
- bear some weight in cervical and lumbar regions
list accessory ligaments (5) of intervertebral joints:
- ligamenta flava
- interspinous
- supraspinous
- nuchal
- intertransverse
ligamenta flava: features
- joins adjacent vertebral lamina - broad band elastic ct
- part of post wall of V canal
- cervical: long thin broad
- thoracic: thicker
- lumbar: thickest
ligamenta flava: function
- preserve normal curvature of VC and assist with straightening of VC after flexing
interspinous lig: features
- connect adjoining spinous processes from root to apex
- thin, relatively weak
supraspinous lig: features
- connect apices fo spinous processes from C7-sacrum
- merges superiorly w nuchal lig
- strong, cordlike
nuchal lig: features
- thickened fibroelastic tissue
- attached to ext occipital protuberance, post border of foramen magnum -> spinous processes of cervical vertebrae
- strong, broad
- muscles attachment C3-C5
intertransverse lig: features
- connect adjacemt transverse processes
- cervical: scattered fibres
- thoracic: fibrous cords
- lumbar: thin and membranous
list craniovertebral joints:
- atlanto-occipital
- atlantoaxial
atlanto-occipital joint: classify
synovial condyloid
atlanto-occipital joint: articular surfaces
- superior articular processes of C1 and occipital condyles (occ bone)
atlanto-occipital joint: features and movement
- thin, loose capsule
- flexion/ ext “yes”
atlantoaxial joints: list joints
- median
- 2 lateral
atlantoaxial joints: median type
- synovial pivot
atlantoaxial joints: median articular surfaces
- dens of C2, and ant arch of C1
atlantoaxial joints: two lateral type
- zyhapophyseal (synovial plane)
atlantoaxial joints: movements
- rotation
- “no”
= cruciate lig:
transverse + longitudinal bands
list other ligs: recap
- ant/post atlanto-occiputal mem
- transverse lig of atlas
- superior/inf longitudinal bands
other ligs:
- alar lig
- apical lig
- tectorial membrane
