Back overview and bones Flashcards
trunk general components:
- chest (thoracic)
- abdomen
- pelvis
- back
- loin (lumbar)
define back general:
- post aspect of trunk
- musculoskeletal axis of support for the trunk
back: functions and movements
- support
- posture/ movement
- protection
ext/ flex
lateral flexion
rotation
list bones of the trunk/ back:
- vertebrae
- ribs
- hip bones
- skull
list joints of back:
- atlanto-occipital
- intervertebral
- costovertebral
- sacroiliac
list extrinsic muscles: and inn
- upper limb
- thoracic wall
- anterior rami of spinal nerves
list intrinsic muscles: and inn
- vertebral column
- head
- ribs (relative to vertebral column)
- post rami of spinal nerves
bones of axial skeleton:
- skull
- vertebral column
- thoracic cage
bones of appendicular skeleton:
upper limb:
- pectoral girdle + free upper limb
lower limb:
- pelvis girdle + free lower limb
importance of occipital bone:
- foramen magnum (spinal cord)
- occipital condyles
- superior/ inf nuchal lines
- external occipital protuberance
vertebral column: general features
33- 26 vertebrae
- 25% from IV discs
- cervical (7)
- thoracic (12)
- lumbar (5)
- sacrum (5)
- coccyx (4)
vertebral body: features
- strength to vertebral column and supports body weight
- spongy bone in think layer of compact bone
- rich in hematopoetic red bone
- (superior/ inferior surfaces) covered w hyaline cartilage disc - epiphyseal rim
list (9) features of typical vertebrae:
- lamina
- pedicle
- vertebral arch
- body
- vertebral foramen
- spinous process
- transverse process
- superior articular processes
- inferior articular processes
special features of cervical vertebrae:
- small
- vertebral + 2 transverse foramen
- bifid spinous process
- relatively thick IV discs
special features of thoracic vertebrae:
- larger
- vertebral foramen
- long thickish spinous process
- articular facets for ribs
- relatively thin IV dics
special features of lumbar vertebrae:
- largest
- vertebral foramen
- short/ blunt spinous process
- massive IV discs
cervical vertebrae: general features + movements
- nearly horizontal orientation of articular facets
- greatest range and variety of movement
- free flex/ ext, lateral flexion some, restricted rotation
atlas: atypical features
- ant/ post tubercles
- lateral mass
- articular surface for dens of axis
- C1
axis: atypical features
- C2
- dens
eg. hangmans fracture
- tension breaks vertebrae, damage spinal cord
- head forced back
eg. os odontoideum
- dens developed detached from C2
- mostly asymptomatic
eg. vertebra prominens
- C7
- long spinous process
- small/ absent transverse foramen
thoracic vertebra: general features
- attaches to rib cage
- orientation of articular facets and overlapping spinous processes - limits flexion, ext, lateral flexion
- BUT high degree of rotation
list atypical thoracic vertebrae:
- T1-T4
- T9-T12
lumbar vertebrae: movements
- flexion
- ext
- lateral flex
- NO rotation
spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis:
spondylolysis: fracture of spinous process
spondylolisthesis: complete fracture
