Forearm, wrist and hand II Flashcards
list muscles that extend, abduct and adduct the hand at the wrist (3): and what layer
superficial:
- extensor carpi radialis longus
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor carpi ulnaris
muscles that extend fingers 2-5: and what layer
- extensor digitorum
- extensor indicis (deep)
- extensor digiti minimi
muscles that extend or abduct the thumb: and what layer
deep:
- abductor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
- extensor pollicis longus
brief features: carpal tunnel
- anteriorly at the wrist
- carpal bones + flexor retinaculum
bones: carpal tunnel
medially:
- pisiform
- hook of hamate
laterally tubercles of:
- scaphoid
- trapezium
contents: carpal tunnel
- 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
- 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
- tendon of flexor pollicus longus
- median n.
anatomical snuffbox: lateral border
tendons:
- abductor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
anatomical snuffbox: medial border
tendon of extensor pollicis longus
anatomical snuffbox: floor
scaphoid and trapezium
anatomical snuffbox: content
radial artery
eg. triphalangeal thumb
thumb with extra phalanx, restricted normal ability for opposition etc.
metacarpophalangeal joints: classification
synovial, condyloid
metacarpophalangeal joints: articulating surfaces
heads of metacarpals, with base of proximal phalanges
metacarpophalangeal joints: ligaments
collateral, palmar
metacarpophalangeal joints: movements
MCP 1: flexion, extension
MCP 2: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction (axis is middle finger)
proximal interphalangeal joints: classification
synovial, hinge
proximal interphalangeal joints: articulating surfaces
- heads of proximal phalanges 2-5
with bases of middle phalanges 2-5
proximal interphalangeal joints: ligaments
- collateral lig (medial and lateral)
- palmar lig
proximal interphalangeal joints: movements
flexion, extension
distal interphalangeal joints: classification
synovial, hinge
distal interphalangeal joints: articulating surfaces
head of middle phalanges 2-5, with bases of distal phalanges 2-5
distal interphalangeal joints: ligaments
- collateral lig (medial and lateral)
- palmar lig
distal interphalangeal joints: movements
flexion, extension
interphalangeal joint of thumb: classification
synovial, hinge
interphalangeal joint of thumb: articulating surfaces
- head of proximal phalanx of thumb
- base of distal phalanx of thumb
interphalangeal joint of thumb: ligaments
- collateral lig (medial and lateral)
- palmar lig
interphalangeal joint of thumb: movements
flexion, extension
extrinsic muscles: anterior, superficial (3)
- flexor carpi radialis (FCR)
- palmaris longus (PL)
- flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)
extrinsic muscles: anterior, intermediate (1)
flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
extrinsic muscles: anterior, deep (2)
- flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
- flexor pollicis longus (FPL)
extrinsic muscles: posterior, superficial (5)
- extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)
- extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
- extensor digitorum (ED)
- extensor digiti minimi (EDM)
- extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)
extrinsic muscles: posterior, deep (4)
- abductor pollicis longus (APL)
- extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)
- extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
- extensor indicis (EI)
intrinsic muscles: thenar muscles (3)
- abductor pollicis brevis
- flexor pollicis brevis
- opponens pollicis
intrinsic muscles: hypothenar muscles (3)
- abductor digiti minimi
- flexor digiti minimi
- opponens digiti minimi
intrinsic muscles: dorsal interossei
4
intrinsic muscles: palmar interossei
4
intrinsic muscles: lumbricals
4
intrinsic muscles: extra 2
- adductor pollicis
- palmaris brevis
hand muscles innervated by median nerve:
MEat LOAF:
- Lumbricals 1, 2
- Opponens pollicis
- Abductor pollicis brevis
- Flexor pollicis brevis
palmaris brevis: location
dorsum of hand
palmaris brevis: origin
palmar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum
palmaris brevis: insertion
skin (medial margin of hand)
palmaris brevis: innervation
ulnar nerve
palmaris brevis: action
improves grip
opponens pollicis: location
thenar muscle, dorsal
opponens pollicis: origin
trapezium, flexor retinaculum
opponens pollicis: insertion
metacarpal 1
opponens pollicis: innervation
median n
opponens pollicis: action
medial rotation of the thumb
abductor pollicis brevis: location
thenar muscle, dorsal
abductor pollicis brevis: origin
scaphoid, trapezium, flexor retinaculum
abductor pollicis brevis: insertion
proximal phalanx, extensor hood of the thumb
abductor pollicis brevis: innervation
median n
abductor pollicis brevis: action
abducts thumb at MCP joint
flexor pollicis brevis: location
thenar muscles, dorsal
flexor pollicis brevis: origin
trapezium, flexor retinaculum
flexor pollicis brevis: insertion
proximal phalanx of the thumb
flexor pollicis brevis: innervation
median n
flexor pollicis brevis: action
flexes thumb at MCP joint
opponens digiti minimi: location
hypothenar muscle, dorsal
opponens digiti minimi: origin
hammate, flexor retinaculum
opponens digiti minimi: insertion
proximal phalanx, extensor hood of pinky
opponens digiti minimi: innervation
ulnar n
opponens digiti minimi: action
lateral rotation of pinky
abductor digiti minimi: location
hypothenar muscle, dorsal
abductor digiti minimi: origin
pisiform, tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
abductor digiti minimi: insertion
proximal phalanx, extensor hood of pinky
abductor digiti minimi: innervation
ulnar n
abductor digiti minimi: action
abducts pinky at MCP joint
flexor digiti minimi brevis: location
hypothenar muscle, dorsal
flexor digiti minimi brevis: origin
hammate, flexor retinaculum
flexor digiti minimi brevis: insertion
proximal phalanx of pinky
flexor digiti minimi brevis: innervation
ulnar n
flexor digiti minimi brevis: action
flexes pinky at MCP joint
abductor pollicis: location
dorsum
abductor pollicis: origin
- transverse head: metacarpal 3
- oblique head: capitate, metacarpals 2,3 (bases)
abductor pollicis: insertion
proximal phalanx, extensor hood of the thumb
abductor pollicis: innervation
ulnar n
abductor pollicis: action
adduct thumb
lumbricals 1-4: origin
tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
lumbricals 1-4: insertion
extensor hoods of medial 4 fingers
lumbricals 1-4: innervation
- medial two: ulnar n
- lateral two: median n
lumbricals 1-4: action
flex MCP while extending interphalangeal joint
dorsal interossei: origin
adjacent shafts of metacarpals
dorsal interossei: insertion
extensor hood and base of proximal phalanges of index, middle and ring
dorsal interossei: innervation
ulnar n
dorsal interossei: action
abduct index, middle, ring fingers
palmar interossei: origin
shafts of metacarpals
palmar interossei: insertion
extensor hoods of thumb, index ring and pinky
- proximal phalanx of thumb
palmar interossei: innervation
ulnar n
palmar interossei: action
adduct thumb, index, ring, pinky fingers
distinguish actions of palmar vs dorsal interossei muscles:
Pad
- palmar
- adduct
Dab
- dorsal
- abduct
(5) fascia of the hand comprise of:
- palmar aponeurosis
- flexor retinaculum
- fibrous digital sheaths
- extensor retinaculum
- extensor hoods
features: palmar aponeurosis
- facilitates grip
- protection
features: flexor retinaculum
- forms roof of carpal tunnel
- limits anterior movement of long flexor tendons
features: fibrous digital sheaths
limits anterior, side to side movement of long flexor tendons of digits
- lined by synovial sheaths (synovial mem) which facilitate movement
features: extensor retinaculum
- holds long extensor tendons in place
- has extensions to bone which forms 6 separate tunnels for the passage of tendons
- tendons surrounded by synovial sheaths (APL and EPB together 1)
features: extensor hood
expansions of tendons ED and EPL