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2. HLTH 109 > Muscles of back > Flashcards

Muscles of back Flashcards

1
Q

list the two categories of back muscles:

A
  • intrinsic

- extrinsic

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2
Q

list extrinsic classifications and why:

A
  • superficial
  • intermediate

originate from locations other than the back

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3
Q

list intrinsic classifications and why:

A
  • deep

originate in the back

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4
Q

superficial muscles: general

A
  • move upper limb
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5
Q

intermediate muscles:

A
  • attach to the ribs -> respiratory function

- 2 thin muscles sheets in sup/inf regions of back

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6
Q

deep muscles:

A
  • move vertebral column and head
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7
Q

list muscles of superficial extrinsic

A
  • trapezius
  • latissimus dorsi
  • rhomboid major
  • rhomboid minor
  • levator scapulae
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8
Q

list muscles of intermediate extrinsic

A
  • serratus posterior superior

- serratus posteror inferior

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9
Q

list organisations of muscles in deep group:

A

superficial -> deep

  • spinotransversales
  • erector spinae
  • transversospinales
  • suboccipital
  • segmental
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10
Q

name muscles in spinotransversales:

A
  • splenius capitis

- splenius cervicis

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11
Q

name muscles in erector spinae:

A
  • longissimus
  • iliocostalis
  • spinalis
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12
Q

name muscles in transversospinales:

A
  • semispinalis
  • multifidus
  • rotatores
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13
Q

name muscles in suboccipital:

A
  • rectus capitis posterior major/ minor

- obliquus capitis superior/ inferior

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14
Q

name muscles in segmental:

A
  • intertransversarii
  • interspinales
  • levatores costarum
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15
Q

where can the thoracolumbar fascia be found:

A

btw extrinsic intermediate and deep groups of muscles

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16
Q

superficial muscles: extrinsic features

A
  • immediately deep to skin and superficial fascia

- primarily involved in movement of appendicular skeleton (clavicle, scapula, humerus)

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17
Q

trapezius: origin

A
  • superior nuchal line
  • ligamentum nuchae
  • spinous processes C7-T12
  • supraspinous ligs
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18
Q

trapezius: insertion

A
  • superior edge of spine of scapula
  • post border of lateral 1/3 of clavicle
  • acromion
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19
Q

trapezius: innervation

A
  • accessory n

- C3-4

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20
Q

trapezius: action

A
  • elevate
  • depress
  • retract
  • rotate scapula
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21
Q

latissimus dorsi: origin

A
  • spinous processes T6-T12
  • interspinous ligs
  • thoracolumbar fascia - SP of lumbar vertebrae and interspinous ligs
  • iliac crest
  • lower 3-4 ribs
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22
Q

latissimus dorsi: insertion

A
  • floor of bicipital groove
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23
Q

latissimus dorsi: innervation

A

thoracodorsal n

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24
Q

latissimus dorsi: action

A
  • adduction
  • medial rotation
  • ext of arm at the shoulder
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25
Q

levator scapulae: origin

A

TVP C1-4

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26
Q

levator scapulae: insertion

A
  • medial border of scapula from superior angle to root of spine
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27
Q

levator scapulae: innervation

A
  • dorsal scapular n

- C3-4

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28
Q

levator scapulae: action

A

elevates scapula

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29
Q

rhomboid minor: origin

A
  • ligamentum nuchae

- SP C7- T1

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30
Q

rhomboid minor: insertion

A
  • medial border at root of spine
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31
Q

rhomboid minor: innervation

A
  • dorsal scapular n
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32
Q

rhomboid minor: action

A

elevates and retracts scapula

33
Q

rhomboid major: origin

A

SP T2-5

34
Q

rhomboid major: insertion

A
  • medial border from spine root to inferior angle
35
Q

rhomboid major: innervation

A
  • dorsal scapular n
36
Q

rhomboid major: action

A

elevates and retracts scapula

37
Q

serratus posterior superior/ inferior: innervation

A

anterior rami thoracic nerves (lower and upper)

38
Q

serratus posterior superior/ inferior: action

A
  • elevates ribs 2-5: superior

- depresses ribs 9-12: inferior

39
Q

thoracolumbar fascia: general features

A
  • covers deep muscles of back and trunk
  • organises layers
  • contributes to integrity
40
Q

thoracolumbar fascia orientation: superiorly

A
  • ant to serratus post/ sup

- continuous with superficial lamina of investing layers of cervical fascia

41
Q

thoracolumbar fascia orientation: medially

A

attaches to SP thoracic vertebra

42
Q

thoracolumbar fascia orientation: laterally

A

angles of ribs

43
Q

intrinsic muscles: deep features

A
  • extend from pelvis to skull

- innervated by segmental branches of post rami of spinal nerves

44
Q

muscles: extensors/ rotators of head and neck

A

spinotransversales:

  • splenius capitis
  • splenius cervicis
45
Q

muscles: extensors and rotators of vertebral column

A
  • erector spinae

- transversospinales

46
Q

muscles: short segmentals

A
  • interspinales

- intertranversarii

47
Q

spinotransversales: features and eg

A

both:

  • bilateral contraction = ext
  • ipsilateral contraction = head rotation to same side
  • splenius capitis
  • splenius cervicis
48
Q

erector spinae: general features

A
  • largest group of intrinsic back muscles

- covered in thoracic/ lumbar region by thoracolumbar fascia, serratus post inferior, rhomboids, splenius muscles

49
Q

erector spinae: classifications

A

columns

  • lateral
  • middle
  • medial

regions: (by superior attachment)
- lumborum
- thoracis
- cervicis
- capitis

50
Q

erector spinae: muscles of each column

A
  • lateral: iliocostalis
  • middle: longissimus
  • medial: spinalis
51
Q

erector spinae: regions of lateral muscle

A
  • iliocostalis lumborum
  • ilicostalis thoracis
  • iliocostalis cervicis
52
Q

erector spinae: regions of middle muscle

A
  • longissimus thoracis
  • longissimus cervicis
  • longissimus capitis
53
Q

erector spinae: regions of medial muscle

A
  • spinalis thoracis
  • spinalis cervicis
  • spinalis capitis
54
Q

transversospinales: general features

A
  • start laterally and TVP -> oblique and upward to SP
  • fill grove btw TVP and SP

major subgroups:

  • semispinalis
  • multifidis
  • rotatores
55
Q

transversospinales: semispinalis

A
  • most superficial
  • thoracic and cervical regions
  • cross 4-6 verteral segments
56
Q

transversospinales: multifidis

A
  • deep to semispinalis
  • entire length of vertebral column
  • most developed in lumbar
  • cross 2-4 vertebral segments
57
Q

transversospinales: rotatores

A
  • smallest, deepest
  • span entire length of vertebral column
  • most developed in thoracic
  • short rotator: cross 1 vertebral segment
    long rotator;
  • cross 2 vertebral segments
58
Q

transversospinales: common muscles action

A
  • bilateral contraction: extension

- unilateral contraction: contralateral rotation (trunk/ head rotation to OPPOSITE side to contraction)

59
Q

transversospinales: muscles action exception

A

except semispinalis capitis:

  • more lateral attachment to skull
  • bilateral contraction
  • unilateral contraction: extension and ipsilateral rotation (chin superiorly and rotates same side)
60
Q

segmental: features

A
  • deep in back
  • span one motion segment

2 groups:

  • levatores costarum
  • interspinales + intertransversarii
61
Q

segmental: group 1

A
  • levatores costarum
  • oblique lateral and down
  • inserts into rib below vertebra og
  • elevate ribs
62
Q

segmental: group 2

A
  • true segmental muscles
  • postural muscles
  • stabilise adjoining vertebra during movements of spine
  • allow more effective movement of larger muscles group
63
Q

segmental: group 2 muscles found where

A

interspinales:
- btw adjacent SP

intertransversarii:
- btw adjacent TVP

64
Q

suboccipital: features

A
  • small group of muscles
  • btw C1/2 and occiput
  • move the head
65
Q

segmental: muscles

A

bilaterally

  • rectus capitis post major
  • rectus capitis post minor
  • obliquus capitis inferior
  • obliquus capitis superior
66
Q

suboccipital triangle: formed by

A

subocciptal muscles

67
Q

suboccipital triangle: medial border

A

rectus capitis posterior major

68
Q

suboccipital triangle: lateral border

A

obliquus capitis superior

69
Q

suboccipital triangle: inferior border

A

obliquus capitis inferior

70
Q

suboccipital triangle: contents

A
  • post ramus C1

- vertebral artery and veins

71
Q

name prevertebral muscles: scalenes

A

scalenes:

  • post scalene
  • middle scalene
  • anterior scalene
72
Q

name prevertebral muscles: others

A
  • rectus capitis anterior
  • rectus capitis lateralis
  • longus colli superior/ inferior
  • longus capitis
73
Q

arteries that supply vertebra arise from:

A
  • vertebral and ascending cervical aa

- segmental aa in trunk

74
Q

segmental aa detailed:

A
  • thorax: post intercostal aa
  • abdomen: subcostal and lumbar aa
  • pelvis: iliolumbar and lateral and median sacral aa
75
Q

what branches arise from segmental arteries once crossing ext surface of vertebra:

A
  • periosteal

- equatorial branches

76
Q

spinal branches enter IVF and divide:

A
  • segmental (radicular) medullary aa
  • ant vertebral canal branch
  • post vertebral canal branch
77
Q

venous drainage:

A
  • internal vertebral venous plexus

- external vertebral venous plexus

78
Q

basivertebral veins:

A
  • form within vertebral bodies
  • emerge through foramina
  • drain into ant external/ internal vertebral venus plexuses -> large longitudinal sinuses
79
Q

interverterbral veins:

A
  • receive veins from spinal cord, vertebral venous plexus

drain into:

  • neck (vertebral v)
  • trunk (intercostal/ lumbar/ sacral)

2. HLTH 109 (29 decks)

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