Gait Flashcards
functional divisions of foot bones: and eg
rearfoot:
- talus
- calcaneus
mid foot:
- cuboid
- navicular
- cuneiforms
forefoot:
- metatarsals
- phalanges
additional divisions:
lateral column:
- calcaneus
- cuboid
- lateral 2 metatarsals
medial column:
- talus
- navicular
- cuneiforms
- medial 3 metatarsals
pronation in foot: (3)
- abduction
- eversion
- dorsiflexion
supination in foot: (3)
- adduction
- inversion
- plantar flexion
muscle contraction definition: equal
isometric
muscle contraction definition: together, with
concentric
muscle contraction: out or away from
eccentric
define gait:
manner of walking
define gait cycle:
begins w heel strike and ends when same heel strikes again
- divided into 2 phases
list two phases of gait cycle:
- swing phase
- stance phase
swing phase:
- begins at toe off and ends with heel strike
- open chain about 40% of cycle
stance phase:
- begins at heel strike and ends w toe off
- close chain
- 60% of cycle
- subdivided into 3 periods
list periods of stance phase:
- contact period
- midstance period
- propulsive period
stance phase: contact period
begins w heel strike and ends w foot flat
stance phase: midstance period
begins w foot flat and ends w heel lift
stance phase: propulsive period
begins w heel lift and end w toe off
contact period: positions of the leg
heel strikes the ground
- hip flexed 30˚ internally rotated
- knee near full ext
- ankle slightly dorsiflexed
- subtalar slightly supinated
contact period: contd details
- immediately following contact, pelvis and lower extremity continue internal rotation
- ankle plantarflexes with eccentric (out/ away) contraction of ankle dorsiflexors
- subtalar joint pronates-> internal rotation at knee (soft foot)
- knee unlocks and flexes, quads act
SHOCK ABSORBING
contact period: end of contact period
- hip and knee remain flexed, internally rotated
- ankle plantarflexed 5˚
- subtalar pronated (4-12˚)
full forefoot load
midstance period: initial positions
- hip external rotation and ext
- knee external rotation and ext
- ankle dorsiflexion
- subtalar supination
foot becomes rigid while weight bearing
midstance period: contd
- weight bearing leg externally rotated by swing phase leg
- in turn, subtalar joint supinated to neutral position
- during dorsiflexion, lateral column locks (aided by peroneus longus)
rigid foot: heel lift
midstance period: end of midstance period
- hip 10˚ ext
- knee ext
- ankle 10˚ dorsiflexion
- subtalar neutral
propulsive period: initial
- heel lift: 3 events coordinated
forward displacement of torso (COG):
- minimises ground contact at heel
- dorsiflexion locks cuboid on calcaneus
soleus contraction:
- limits ankle dorsiflexion - lifts heel
gastroc contraction:
- flexes knees and plantar flexes ankle
- ground clearance for swing phase
propulsive period: end of propulsive period
- at toe off foot MUSE remain rigid
- subtalar/ midtarsal joints are supinated
- windlass effect
- lateral column locked (per. longus)
pronation pain syndromes:
- heel spurs
- shin splints/ stress fractures
- medial knee pain
swing phase: features
- non-weight bearing
foot must clear the ground:
- hip and knee flex
- ankle dorsiflexion
foot prepared to dampen ground force
- pretense muscles of ant com
- pronatable subtalar joint
