trunk musculature - exam 1 Flashcards
what everyday position has a higher load on the NP in the lumbar spine?
bending over (at lumbar spine) to lift a heavy object
-in general, holding/moving a heavy object increases load on the NP in the lumbar spine
list these seated positions in order from highest pressure to NP –> lowest pressure to NP
- slumped
- leaning back
- straight sitting
highest:
- slumped
- straight sitting
- leaning back
lowest:
what everyday position has the least amount of load to the NP in lumbar spine?
laying supine
what happens to the lumbar multifidus following a low back injury?
experiences a number of morphological and neurophysiological changes
– one being a segmental atrophy which develops at the level of pathology, on the symptomatic side and as quickly as 24 hours after the injury
what has happened if a disc has bulged/protruded?
nucleus migrates but remains contained in annulus
protrudes beyond posterior rim of vertebral body
what is a disc herniation?
nucleus has herniated through the annulus fibrosis and PLL
what is extrusion?
nucleus migrates thru the outer annulus
extrude through epidural space
what is free sequestration?
nucleus migrates and breaks away from annulus
lodged or break off
what is the greatest injury risk during sit ups? how would this happen?
if hip flexion occurs without the trunk curl
this may happen because of lack of abdominal strength, hip flexor dominance or an inability to flex the lumbar spine
what does hip flexor contraction without a trunk curl cause?
dangerous anterior shear forces from hyperextension of the lumbar spine
because the hip flexors are attached to the front of the lumbar spine, the sit up phase will cause the torso to lift, pulling on the unstable extended spine
what is occurring during the trunk flexion phase of the full sit up?
internal obliques and rectus abdominis are most active muscles.
as trunk is pulled towards pelvis, posterior tilt happens
what is occurring during the hip flexion phase of the full sit up?
continued activation of abdominals but hip flexors are activated and are prime movers through the completion of the movement
true or false. the axes of rotation during the full sit up shifts from the abdominals to the pelvis when going from the trunk flexion phase to hip flexion phase
true
why would a full sit up be advised against?
causes more pressure in the discs and more spine flexion
if you are doing full sit ups and have weak abs, what happens instead?
hip flexors dominate and cause early hip flexion. this puts you at a shear risk
when doing a diagonal sit up, what is happening?
incorporates trunk flexion and axial rotation
right EO acts synergistically with left IO muscle
bilateral activation of rectus abdominis and transversus abdominis
during a standard sit up, are lateral flexion torques active?
no they are neutralized
when a patient lifts their arms, what muscle was contracted before or shortly after the deltoid muscle?
transversus abdominis.
- was not influenced by movement direction, which supports that this muscle helps with spinal stiffness