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AFAB I-II > Lab practical #1 goniometry/MMT > Flashcards

Lab practical #1 goniometry/MMT Flashcards

1
Q

Cervical flexion
- landmarks?
-stabilization?
- normal range?
- inclinometer placement
- end feel

A
  • landmarks: external auditory meatus and base of nares
    -shoulder girdle w/support of chair
  • normal range: 40 degrees (SD 12)
  • inclinometer placement is on top of head
  • end feel: firm
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2
Q

Cervical extension
- landmarks:
-stabilization?
- normal range?
- inclinometer placement
- end feel

A
  • landmarks: external auditory meatus and base of nares
    -shoulder girdle and chest to prevent ext. of lumbar/thoracic spine
  • normal range: 50-70 degrees
  • inclinometer: on top of head
  • end feel: firm
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3
Q

Lateral flexion
- landmarks?
-stabilization?
- normal range?
- inclinometer placement
- end feel

A
  • landmarks: C7 and occipital protuberance
    -stabilize shoulder girdle and chest to prevent lateral flexion, do NOT allow head to rotate
  • normal range: 22 degrees (SD 8)
  • inclinometer placement: on top of head facing posterior
  • end feel: firm
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4
Q

Cervical rotation
- landmarks?
-stabilization?
- normal range?
- inclinometer position
- end feel

A
  • landmarks: on top of head aligned w/ nose and acromion process
    -shoulder girdle and chest to prevent rotation
  • normal range: 50 degrees (SD 10)
  • inclinometer position: pt is supine w/ inclinometer on forehead
  • end feel: firm
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4
Q

Cervical rotation
- landmarks?
-stabilization?
- normal range?
- inclinometer position
- end feel

A
  • landmarks: on top of head aligned w/ nose and acromion process
    -shoulder girdle and chest to prevent rotation
  • normal range: 50 degrees (SD 10)
  • inclinometer position: pt is supine w/ inclinometer on forehead
  • end feel: firm
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5
Q

Grade 5
- full?
- test w/?

A
  • full AROM against gravity
  • test w/ resistance
    *if PT can “break” patients hold -not 5/5
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6
Q

Grade 4
- full?
- not able to?

A
  • full AROM against gravity
  • not able to hold test position against maximum resistance
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7
Q

Grade 3
- full?
- with what resistance?

A
  • full AROM against gravity
  • even with mild resistance
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8
Q

Grade 2
- can move?

A
  • can move body segment w/ gravity minimized
    *horizontal plane/power board
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9
Q

Grade 1
- muscle?
- no?
-instruct pt. to?

A
  • muscle contractile activity
  • no movement
    -move pt. into the testing postion and ask top hold/relax
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10
Q

Grade 0
- no?

A
  • no muscle contraction
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11
Q

Grade:
+ or - scale is _________ but ________

A

discouraged but used

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12
Q

You should not grab the muscle belly during testing. T or F

A

True

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13
Q

Capital extension
- normal ROM
- position
- pt to?
- provide resistance to?
- substitution
- grade 2,1,0:?
- muscles (8)

A
  • normal ROM: 0-25 degrees
  • position w/ head off table
  • pt to look up at the wall
  • provide resistance to back of head
  • substitution: cervical extension
  • grade 2,1,0: pt supine and look back at you
  • muscles: EXTENSORS
    – “suboccipital muscles”: rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior
    – splenius capitis
    – erector spinae: longissimus capitis and spinalis capitis
    – transversospinal: semispinalis capitis
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14
Q

Cervical extension
- normal range
- position:?
- compensation (2)
- pt to?
- grade 2,1,0:?
- muscles:
– superficial (1)
– 2 others
– erector spinae (3)
– transversospinal (3)

A
  • normal range: 0-30 degrees
  • position: prone w/ head off table
  • compensation: capital muscles (raise chin) and upper back
  • pt to keep eyes on floor and push up into your hand
  • Grade 2,1,0: pt supine and push back into hands
  • muscles: EXTENSORS
    -semispinalis cervicis
    -splenius cervicis
    -longissimus cervicis
    -Illiocostalis cervicis
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15
Q

Capital flexion
- normal range
- compensations? (3)
- position:?
- pt to try and?
- PT to cup?
- grade 2,1,0?
- muscles
– anterior-lateral craniocervical (3)

A
  • normal range: 0-10/15 degrees
  • compensations: forward head posture, thoracic compensation, and cervical spine
  • position: lay supine and chin tuck
  • pt to try and touch chin to chest w/out lifting head off table
    -PT to cup chin to provide resistance
  • Grade 2,1,0: pt attempts chin tuck (partial ROM = grade 2)
  • muscles: FLEXORS
    – rectus capitis lateralis
    –rectus capitis anterior
    –longus capitis
16
Q

Cervical flexion
- normal range
- position:?
- compensations: (3)
- PT to?
- grade 2,1,0:?
- muscles
– anterior-lateral craniocervical (3)

A
  • normal range: 0-35/45 degrees
  • position: pt supine and pt to keep eyes on ceiling and lift head
  • compensations: make sure chin is a little tucked (no extension) (SCM taking over), no trunk/chest compensation, platysma (corners of mouth will pull down)
  • PT to push down on chin w/ 2 fingers
  • Grade 2,1,0: pt supine and pt to roll head side to side (palpate SCM)
  • muscles: FLEXORS
    – anterior-lateral craniocervical region: SCM, scalenes, longus colli
17
Q

Single SCM
- normal range
- position
- PT to provide?
- compensation (2)
- Grade 2,1,0:?
- muscles?
- when rotating R?

A
  • normal range: 0-45/55 degrees
  • position: pt supine and flex and rotate to one side
  • PT to provide resistance on temporal area
  • compensation: platysma, thorax
  • Grade 2,1,0: pt roll head side to side
  • muscles: SCM
  • when rotating R, L SCM is doing work
18
Q

Cervical rotation
- normal range
- position
– test resistance in?
– compensation (1)
- Grade 2,1,0 test in?
– rotate?
– compensation (1)
- muscles
– ex: 8

A
  • normal range: none listed
  • position: supine and rotate side to side
    – test resistance in neutral
    – compensation: SB
  • Grade 2,1,0: test in sitting
    – rotate head side to side
    – compensation: SB
  • muscles:
    – all of them previously covered
    —- ex: SCM, levator scap, longus colli, trapezius, scalenes (anterior, medial, posterior), semispinalis (cervicis and capitalis), splenius capitis, longissimus capitis
19
Q

Goniometer Normal Ranges
Flexion:
Extension:
SB:
Rotation:

A

40°
50°-70°
22°
48° (50)

20
Q

Inclinometer Normal Ranges:
Flexion:
Extension:
SB:
Rotation:

A

32°
64°
41-42°
80°

AFAB I-II (23 decks)

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