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AFAB I-II > Exam #3 (Lecture 10: Muscles of ST Joint - Muscles that ELE. Arm) > Flashcards

Exam #3 (Lecture 10: Muscles of ST Joint - Muscles that ELE. Arm) Flashcards

1
Q

What nerves come from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus? (3)
-What muscles are supplied by these nerves?

A

Axillary- deltoid and teres minor
Subscapular- subscapularis and teres major
Thoracodorsal- lattissimus dorsi

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2
Q

What nerves come from the proximal segments of the brachial plexus? (4)
-What muscles are supplied by these nerves?

A

-dorsal scapular- rhomboids (major and minor) and levator scapula
-long thoracic- SA
-pectoral- pec major and minor
-suprascapular- supraspinatus and infraspinatus

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3
Q

Sensory innervation to the joints:
The nerve roots of the SC joint are _________ from the ______ plexus

A

C3-4; cervical

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4
Q

Sensory innervation to the joints:
The nerve roots of the AC and GH joint via _________ from the ______ and __________ nerves

A

C5-6; suprascapular and axillary

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5
Q

What supplies the trapezius?

A

CN XI

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6
Q

The ________ stabilizers originate on spine/ribs/cranium and insert on scapula or clavicle.

A

proximal

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7
Q

The _________ stabilizers originate on scapula/clavicle and insert on humerus or forearm

A

distal

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8
Q

The optimal function requires coordination and interaction between proximal and distal stabilizers. T or F

A

True

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9
Q

What are the elevator mm. of the ST joint? (3)
-innervation

A

Upper trapezius- CN XI
Levator scapulae- dorsal scapulae
Rhomboid (major and minor)- dorsal scapulae

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10
Q

What are the depressor mm of the ST joint? (4)
-innervation

A

Lower trapezius- CN XI
Latissimus dorsi- thoracodorsal
Pectoralis minor- medial pectoral
Subclavius- subclavian

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11
Q

What is the protractor of the ST joint?
-innervation

A

SA- long thoracic
Pec minor- medial pectoral

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12
Q

What are the retractors of the ST joint? (3)
-innervation

A

middle trapezius - CN XI
rhomboids (major and minor)- dorsal scapulae
lower trapezius- CN XI

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13
Q

What are the upward rotators of the ST joint? (2)
-innervation

A

SA- long thoracic
upper and lower trapezius- CN XI

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14
Q

What are the downward rotators of the ST joint? (2)
-innervation

A

rhomboids- dorsal scapulae
pectoralis minor- medial pectoral

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15
Q

What is the primary characteristic of the elevator mm. of the ST Joint?
-pathology?

A

-the posture of the shoulder girdle and UE
-loss of muscular support = gravity causes depressed, protracted, and excessive downwardly rotated scapula; over time can damage underlying structures

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16
Q

The latissimus dorsi pull the _________ inferiorly which means it is a ________ mm. of the ST Joint.

A

humerus; depressor

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17
Q

The subclavius pulls inferiorly on the ______ which means it is a ______ mm of the ST Joint.

A

clavicle; depressor

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18
Q

Depression can ______ the thorax if arm is physically blocked/scapula stabilized or fixes. This is known as _______

A

rasie; tranfers

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19
Q

The SA has excellent leverage on the _____ joints vertical axis with _______ and _________

A

SC joint; forward pushing and reaching

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20
Q

Which mm has the ability to protract and it is small. It can limit retraction if tight?

A

pec minor

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21
Q

Retractor mm of the ST Joint has _______ stabilization achorning the scapula to ___________

A

proximal; axial skeleton

22
Q

What are the 3 groups that elevate the arm?

A
  1. Muscles that elevate the humerus at the GH joint
  2. Scapular muscles that control upward rotation of ST joint
  3. Rotator Cuff mm. that control dynamic stability and athrokinematics of the GH joint.
23
Q

What are the muscles that elevate the humerus at the GH Joint? (4)
-action
-innervation

A

anterior deltoid (FLX/ABD), middle deltoid (ABD)
-axillary

supraspoinatis (ABD)
-suprascapular

Coracobrachilais (FLX)
-musculocunatesous

Biceps Brachii (FLX)
-musculocutaneous

24
Q
  1. The Anterior and Middle Deltoid is activated at the ______ of abduction and at max between ______º where torque is greatest due to the weight of UE.
  2. The supraspinatus and middle/anterior deltoid are ______ shared.
A
  1. onset; 60-90º
  2. equally
25
Q

You are working with an elderly pt. who has a fracture at the humeral neck. Why would you avoid ≥ 90º ABD of the amr?

A

-because of the large compression force 80-90% at 90º

26
Q

Where is the best compression capacity during ABD of the arm?

A

60-120º increased surface available greatest

*glenoid labrum area most prepared

27
Q

Upward Rotators of the ST Joint- Roles:

  1. Drive upward rotation and furnish rotational ______ of the scapula.
  2. Provide _____ attachments for most _______ mobilizers( deltoids and RC)
A
  1. adjustments
  2. table
28
Q
  1. What are the primary mm. for upward rotation of the ST joint?
  2. Which is the most effective mm?
A
  1. serratus anterior and upper/lower trapezius
  2. serratus anterior
29
Q

What mm. controls the adjustment motions of the upwardly rotating scapula during scapular plane abduction?

A

SA, and lower/middle trapezius

30
Q

The SA and lower trap act in ________ to ______ tilt the scapula at the AC joint.

A

force-couple; posteriorly

31
Q

The SA and middle trap act in _______ to _______ rotate the scapula at the AC joint

A

force couple; externally

32
Q

weakness of trapezius muscle causes you to do what to gain full abduction?
to gain high elevation?

A

T spine extends 10-15 deg; middle trap retracts
excessive protraction

33
Q

if there is serratus anterior weakness, what happens to the scapula in a downwardly rotated position when applying resistance?

A

scapula is abnormally tiled and internally rotated

34
Q

without adequate upward rotation force from the SA, what happens to the scapula and humerus?

A

the scapula cannot resist the pull of the deltoid and therefore the deltoid causes downward rotation of scapula and partial elevation of humerus

35
Q

even a slight disruption can do what to the sub acromial space? which could lead to?

A

decrease
impingement

36
Q

any abnormal position or movement of the scapula is?

A

scapular dyskinesis

37
Q

what are common clinical manifestations of scapular dyskinesis?

A

-reduced upward rotation
- excessive downward rotation, internal rotation, anterior tilt or elevation

38
Q

true or false. accurate and reliable measurements are easy to get for scapular dyskinesis.

A

false - difficult
described qualitatively vs quantitively

39
Q

what are the 3 scapular dyskinesis categories?

A

type I: inferomedial border of scap (bottom)
type II: entire medial border (whole scap)
type III: superomedial border (top)

40
Q

what two types of scapular dyskinesis are commonly associated with labral lesions?

A

type I and II

41
Q

what type of scapular dyskinesis is associated with impingement and rotator cuff lesions?

A

type III

42
Q

what is the function of the rotator cuff muscles during elevation of the arm?

A

regulators of dynamic joint stability and controllers of joint arthrokinematics

43
Q

why is it important to have a loose fit humeral head and glenoid fossa?

A

to have extensive ROM GH joint

44
Q

distal attachments of RC blend into capsule before attaching to proximal humerus. why?

A

RC compensates for natural laxity and propensity for instability

45
Q

when RC is activated, what is formed?
what does that do?

A

protective cuff is formed
actively rotates humeral head, compress and stabilize, centralize it in fossa

46
Q

dynamic stability requires what two systems to be healthy? the two systems are integrated via what?

A

neuromuscular & musculoskeletal
proprioceptive sensory receptors within GH periarticular tissues

47
Q

what kind of exercises are needed in rehab for instability?

A

rehabilitative proprioceptive

48
Q

what does the supraspinatus do during abduction of GH joint?

A

superiorly rolling
compressing joint for added stability
serves as a spacer

49
Q

what does the subscapularis, infraspinatus and teres minor do during abduction of GH joint?

A

exert a downward translational force on the humeral head to counteract excessive superior translation, esp caused by deltoid contraction

50
Q

what needs to happen so the greater tubercle doesn’t hit the acromion during abduction of the GH joint?

A

infraspinatus and teres minor needs to externally rotate to increase clearance

AFAB I-II (23 decks)

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