Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AFAB I-II > Elbow, wrist & hand - final > Flashcards

Elbow, wrist & hand - final Flashcards

1
Q

what does HU joint contribute to?

A

flex/ext
much of the stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does the HR jt contribute to?

A

flex/ext
ligaments support the radial head against the capitulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of joint is HU?

A

modified hinge joint because ulna has a small amount of axial rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what axis is flex/ext of the elbow?

A

M-L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

why does the ulna deviate laterally relative to humerus?

A

medial lip of trochlea is longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is carrying angle (cubitus valgus)? what’s the average carrying angle?

A

frontal plane angle
13 deg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

true or false. carrying angle is greater on dominant side and greater with age

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is considered an excessive carrying angle?

A

20-25 deg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what 3 joints encompasses the capsule of elbow?

A

HR, HR, prox RU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the ligaments at the elbow? what are they good for?

A

MCL/UCL - medially
LCL/RCL - laterally
annular ligament - below LCL
good for multiplanar stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happens with a WB injury to MCL? what can it cause?

A

extended and valgus force
can cause compression fx, ulnar nerve injury, anterior capsule, medial musculature at epicondyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens with a NWB injury to to MCL?

A

repetitive valgus producing strain, overhead athletes (esp baseball pitchers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is tommy john surgery?

A

repair of anterior fibers through a tendon graft from palmaris longus, gracilis or plantaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does the terrible triad injury happen? what is the terrible triad injury?

A

FOOSH and supinated
1. elbow joint dislocation
2. fx radial head
3. fx coronoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what problems can occur with a terrible triad injury even with surgery?

A

persistent instability
nerve damage
heterotopic ossification
stiffness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

in full flexion of elbow, where does the coronoid process of ulna fit?
what axis is showing through center of trochlea?

A

coronoid fossa of humerus
M-L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

HR joint rolls and slides in the _____ direction for flx/ext

A

same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

HR joint provides _____ % lateral stability to ____ force

A

50
valgus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

one joint capsule shares which joints?

A

RU, HU, HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how is the radial head held with the ulna?

A

fibro-osseous ring
radial notch and annular ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what ligament has attachments of capsule, radial collateral and supinator?

A

annular ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where does the quadrate ligament run?

A

radial notch of ulna to radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

in the distal RU joint, the _____ ulna attaches into the _____ radius

A

convex
concave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what does the triangular fibrocartilage do?

A

holds head of ulna to radial notch during pronation/supination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the stabilizers of the distal RU joint?

A

triangular fibrocartilage complex
pronator quadratus
ECU tendon
distal oblique fibers of interosseous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

during supination, what rotates?

A

radius and carpal bones rotate around fixed humerus and distal ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

during supination, what does the proximal radial head do?

A

rotates in fibro-osseous ring
does not slide/roll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

during supination, what does the distal radius do?

A

rolls and slides in the same way around ulna head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

during pronation, what rotates?

A

radius and carpal bones rotate around the fixed humerus and ulna

30
Q

during pronation, what does the proximal surface of disc do?

A

slides across ulnar head

31
Q

where is the axis of rotation during pronation/supination and what does it limit? what does it act like?

A

axis of rotation nearly parallel to interosseous membrane
limits tension
acts like isometric - stabilizer - constant level of stability

32
Q

during pronation, what does distal radius do?

A

rolls and slides in the same way around ulna head

33
Q

what joint is linked with any movement of elbow and forearm?

A

HR

34
Q

what muscle pronates the forearm and pulls radius against capitulum (increases compression)?

A

pronator teres

35
Q

when pulling something, what simultaneous motions occur? what muscles are fired?

A

90 deg elbow flx with 45 deg shoulder ext
biceps and post. delt fire

36
Q

to push open a door, _____ extends and _____ flexes.
what muscle produces ext force? what muscle oppose & exceeds extensor torque?

A

elbow extends
shoulder flexes
triceps - extensor force
ant delt opposes extensor force

37
Q

what two muscles supinate?

A

biceps
supinator

38
Q

what is the relationship between elbow angle and force?

A

elbow flex at 30 degrees produces less force for the biceps to supinate vs elbow flex at 90

38
Q

what is the relationship between elbow angle and force?

A

elbow flex at 30 degrees produces less force for the biceps to supinate vs elbow flex at 90

39
Q

what muscle activates isometrically to neutralize strong elbow flx of biceps?

A

triceps

40
Q

what’s happening in an open chain position to produce a pronation torque?

A

pronator rotates the radius relative to a fixed ulna

41
Q

what’s happening in a closed chain position to produce a pronation torque?

A

infraspinatus rotates the humerus relative to a fixed scapula
pronator rotates the ulna relative to a fixed radius

42
Q

what is the most frequently fractured carpal

A

scaphoid

43
Q

what is the most unstable/most frequently dislocated carpal? why?

A

lunate
lack of strong ligs to capitate
no muscle attachment

44
Q

what things work together to oppose deviation?

A

FCU and FCR

45
Q

which has the strongest wrist flexion torque?

A

FCU

46
Q

what is the position of comfort for elbow?

A

80 deg flx
open pack position

47
Q

what carpal bones make up the proximal row? how are they joined?

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and pisiform
loosely joined

48
Q

what carpal bones make up distal row? how are they joined?

A

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
bound tightly by strong ligaments

49
Q

arthrokinematics of Radiocarpal?

A

concave radius and disc
convex scaphoid and lunate

50
Q

in what position is there the greatest contact at radiocarpal jt?

A

slight ext
ulnar dev

51
Q

where is the midcarpal located?

A

between prox and distal rows

52
Q

what space does the triangular fibrocartilage complex fill?

A

ulnocarpal space

53
Q

how many degrees of freedom for the wrist?

A

2
flx-ext
ulnar-radial deviation

  • also does wrist circumduction but not a DOF
54
Q

where is the axis of the wrist?
what axis for flx/ext? ulnar/radial dev?

A

through head of capitate
M-L
A-P

55
Q

what directs the osteokinematics of the entire hand?

A

rotation of the capitate

56
Q

what is the position of function for ext and ulnar deviation?

A

10-15 ext
10 ulnar dev

57
Q

what motions work together in the wrist?

A

flex - ulnar dev
ext - radial dev

58
Q

what forms the central column of the wrist?

A

linkages between radius and lunate, medial compartment of midcarpal jt

59
Q

describe the roll and slide of wrist ext (capitate and lunate)

A

convex on concave
rolls dorsally, slides palmar direction

60
Q

what motion is closed pack position of wrist?

A

full extension

61
Q

describe the roll and slide of wrist flx (capitate and lunate)

A

convex on concave
rolls palmar direction, slides dorsally

62
Q

with ulnar deviation, RC rolls in ______ direction and slides in _______ direction
** same at MC jt
** reverse for radial dev

A

ulnar
radial
–opposites

63
Q

what is carpal instability?

A

excessive motion between carpals usually due to laxity or rupture ligaments

64
Q

when you make a fist, which groups of muscles contract? why is it important clinically?

A

flexors and extensors
when you address grip strength, you need to work on both flexors and extensors

65
Q

when does max grip force occur?

A

30 deg ext

66
Q

CMC thumb abduction arthrokinematics:

A

convex on concave
roll palmar slide dorsal
** reversed for adduction kinematics

67
Q

which way does metacarpal move in flexion?

A

metacarpal rolls and slides in ulnar direction

68
Q

which way does metacarpal move in extension?

A

metacarpal rolls and slides in lateral direction

69
Q

what motions depend on opposition

A

pinching and gripping

70
Q

opposition is combination of:

A

thumb MC abducts
flexion and medial rotation toward small finger, trapezium also spins slightly, small and ring finger cup to help

71
Q

what position is full opposition?

A

closed pack

AFAB I-II (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions