exam 2 lecture 6 Flashcards
what muscle groups does the femoral nerve supply?
nerve roots?
sensory supply?
most hip flexors and all knee extensors
L2-4
sensory anterior/medial thigh
what muscles does the obturator nerve supply?
nerve roots?
sensory supply?
hip adductors, obturator externus
L2-4
sensory medial thigh
what nerves make up the sacral plexus?
superior gluteal n
inferior gluteal n
nerve to piriformis
sciatic n (tibial & common fibular)
nerve to obturator internus and gemellus superior
nerve to quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior
what regions do the sacral plexus innervate?
posterior/lateral hip
posterior thigh
entire lower leg
what are the hip flexors?
iliopsoas
sartorius
TFL
rectus femoris
adductor longus
pectineus
attachments for iliopsoas and psoas minor:
iliacus: iliacus fossa/over SIJ
psoas major: TP T12 (blend w diaphragm)
both –> anterior to femoral head and attaches at lesser trochanter
psoas minor: directly ant. to psoas major
what muscle is the prominent femoral on hip flexor and flexor of trunk/pelvis and creates frontal plane stability?
iliopsoas
innervation for iliopsoas and psoas minor:
anterior ramus of spinal nerve L1
what muscle does hip flexion/ER/ABD and is the longest muscle in the body? AKA tailor’s muscle
sartorius
sartorius attachments:
ASIS –> medial proximal tibia @ pes anserine
sartorius innervation:
femoral nerve (post division of L2/3)
TFL attachments:
ilium to IT band
what muscle does hip flexion and abd.
IR (@90º hip flexion)
TFL
TFL innervation:
superior gluteal n. (L4-S1)
what forms fascial sheets of intermuscular septa, has ITB formed deeper & glut max & TFL attach to it?
fascia latae of the thigh
ITB innervation:
superior gluteal n (L4-S1)
inferior gluteal n (L5-S2)
what muscle is between sartorius and TFL, a primary knee extensor & creates 1/3 of isometric torque at hip?
rectus femoris
attachments for rectus femoris:
AIIS & superior rim of acetab. –> tibia
innervation of rectus femoris:
femoral n
with normal activation of abdominal muscles, how does the pelvis stay stabilized and prevent ant. tilting?
strong inferior pull of hip flexor muscles,
what happens with a reduced activation of abdominal muscles?
contraction of hip flexor muscles causes a marked anterior tilt of the pelvis
what are hip adductors named by their layers?
superficial:
- pectineus
- gracilis
- adductor longus
middle:
-adductor brevis
deep:
- adductor magnus
when crossing R leg over to kick a soccer ball, what is occuring in the frontal plane?
right leg - femoral on pelvis
concentric add. on both R (pectineus, add. brevis & longus) & L (add. magnus)
eccentric activation of L glut med to control velocity and extent of the drop of adducting the left hip
weakness of what 3 things may place a valgus strain on LE and risk ACL tear?
glut med
ERs
foot position
when hip is near full flexion, what do the adductors assist with?
extension
when hip is near full ext, what do the adductors assist with?
flexion
true or false. in anatomical position there are NO perfectly positioned IRs?
true
what muscle when in 60-90 deg of flex is considered IR?
piriformis
what are the IRs function during gait?
during stance they rotate the pelvis on the femur
what muscles act secondarily as IRs to help drive the swing leg in the gait cycle?
TFL
anterior fibers of glut min/glut med
adductor longus/brevis
pectineus
what are the primary hip extensors & their innervations?
glut max - inferior gluteal n
hamstrings - sciatic (tibial part L5-S2)
post. head of adductor magnus - obturator (L2-4)
glut max attachments:
ilium/sacrum/coccyx/ST/post SIJ ligaments/TL fascia –> IT band/TFL & gluteal tuberosity
what muscle is an extensor and ER & stabilizes SIJ and lumbar region?
glut max
attachments for hamstrings:
IT –> tibia & fibula
when significantly leaning forward from the hips, why would this increase the hamstring activation but not the glut max?
forward lean increases moment arm of hamstrings therefore increases passive tension in hamstrings
what are the primary hip abductors?
glut med
glut min
TFL
glut med attachments:
ilium to greater trochanter
glut min attachments:
same as glut med (ilium to greater trochanter) BUT deep and anterior to glut med
*may prevent impingement
what muscle group stabilize the pelvis over fixed femur to keep pelvis from dropping during stance phase/walking?
hip abductors
–> every step combined w/ =&opp. JRF
what are the primary ERs?
(nerves are n. to that muscle)
glut max - inf gluteal n
5/6 “short ERs”:
- piriformis
- obturator internus
- gemelli superior
- gemelli inferior
- quadratus femoris
when the R leg is planted, ER will rotate the anterior side of the pelvis and the trunk to the _______
left
* contralateral to the rotators
can you create more strain in eccentric or concentric?
eccentric
