ankle and foot osteology/deltoid lig- exam 3 Flashcards
individual bones of the ankle/ foot (4)
Fibula
Distal tibia
Tarsal bones
Rays of the foot
talocrural joint
-consists of:
tibia, fibula, and talus
The foot includes all
tarsal bones and joints distal to the ankle
Naming of joints: foot 3 regions
-Rearfoot (hindfoot):
-Midfoot:
-Forefoot:
talus, calcaneus, subtalar joint
tarsal bones, transverse tarsal joint, intertarsal joints
metatarsals and phalanges with all tarsometatarsal joints
tibia and fibula: anterior and posterior the same
ankle and foot: dorsal ONLY
T or F
TibFib: True
Ankle: false; dorsal and plantar
tarsal bones (7)
-rearfoot
-midfoot
-forefoot
tarsal bones
-rearfoot: calcaneus, talus
-midfoot: cuboid, navicular, lateral, intermediate, and medial cuneiform bones
-forefoot: metatarsals and phalanges
Thumb and great toe are the same. T or F
False; NOT
Talus:
-trochlear surface
–A-P
–M-L
-head projects?
-Trochlear surface is a rounded dome
–convex A-P
–lightly concave M-L
-Head projects forward and slightly medially (30 degrees medial to sagittal plane (peds 40-50))
Talus
-3 facets on:
3 facets on inferior surface: anterior, middle, posterior (subtalar joint w/ calcaneus)
Talus:
-Talar sulcus is?
-sulcus is the groove
Talus:
-posterior/ medial groove is pulley for?
-posterior/ medial groove is pulley for FHL (flexor hallucis longus)
fibula
- long and?
- can palpate?
- transfers?
- forms?
- has articular?
-long, thin
-can palpate head
-Transfers 10% weight
-Forms lateral malleolus
-Articulate facet for talus
distal tibia:
1. broadens to?
2. forms?
3. articulates w/?
4. has fibular?
5. twisted?
- Broadens to transfer load
- orms medial malleolus
- Articular surface for talus (talocrural joint)
- Fibular notch (distal tf)
- Twisted externally @ longitudinal axis 20-30 degrees (external tibial torsion)
—feet pointed out but knees straight
terminology to describe movements: fundamental
-defines movement of foot/ankle occurring @ right angles to the three standard axes of rotation
terminology to describe movements: fundamental
-three standard axes of rotation:
- Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion: sagittal plane/ML axis
- Eversion/inversion: frontal plane/AP axis
- Abduction/adduction: horizontal plane/vertical axis
Why is the fundamental terminology to describe movements inadequate?
-inadequate because most motions occur @ oblique axis
terminology to describe movements: applied
-defines motions perpendicular to oblique axes
terminology to describe movements: applied
-what are the 2 applied axes of rotation?
-Pronation (eversion/abduction/DF)
-Supination (inversion/adduction/PF)
MOST motion occur at the __________ axis because
oblique; lateral malleoli is a little lower and more posterior to medial malleoli
Flat foot:
High arch:
Tight achilles/club foot:
pes plantas
pes canvas
pes equinas
Fixed of abnormal postures of the foot: (5)
pes calcanues
varus
valgus
abductus
adductus
The proximal tibfib is a __________ joint
-location in relation to the keee
–Articulation of
–tibfib is flat and __________
–covered in
synovial
-lateral and inferior to knee
–head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia (posterior/ lat region of tibia)
slightly oval
covered in articular cartilage
What strengthens the proximal tibiofibular jt.
–move _______mm translation
Capsule, Tendon of biceps femoris and popliteus
1-3mm
The distal tibfib is a _________ jt. and bounded by:
-syndesmosis/ synarthrodial joint; bound by interosseous membrane
The ditsal tibfib jt.
–articulation of________
–slight movement associated w/ _________ must be stable for
-Fibular notch on tibia and distal medial surface of
fibula
-dorsiflexion; correct TC joint function
Distal TibFib Jt.:
The __________ ligament has the strongest bond for the
—other 2 ligs?
-Interosseous ligament has strongest bond
-Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments
talocrural joint -__________
formed by:
Trochlea (dome) & sides of the talus with the ‘mortise’
–distal tibia/fibula
The shape of the talocrural jt. provides:
a major source of stability
Talocrural Jt:
_________% compressive forces pass through talus and tibia; ______% through talus and fibula
90-95%; 5-10%
*TIBIA BIGGER
Talocrural jt. is lined w/
3 mm of articular cartilage protecting intra-articular subchondral bone
ligaments of talocrural joint: overview:
-articular capsule is reinforced by __________
-lig possess ________ that enhance the ___________
collateral ligaments (stability)
mechanoreceptors; muscular stability
The Talocrural ligaments limit: _______
–no one?
-inv/ev and A/P talus translations within the mortise
-muscle attaches directly on talus, so lig are important for talus stability
The deltoid ligament is medial or lateral?
medial
The deltoid Ligament:
-shape
-limites extremes of ____________ across _____ _____ ____ jts.
triangular shape
eversion
TC/ST/TN (multidirectional stability)
Deltoid Ligament injury is very common. T or F
If injured what are the motions?
False: uncommon, due to strength of lat. malleolus bony bloc
landing or extreme twist of aBd (ER) and eversion
How many bands of fiber does the Deltoid Ligament have?
4 bands of fibers
Deltoid Ligament:
-deep component (2)
-superficial component (2)
Deep:
Posterior TibioTalar Lig.
Anterior TibioTalar Lig.
Superficial:
TibioCalcaneal Lig.
TibioNavicular Lig.
