ankle and foot osteology/deltoid lig- exam 3

Question 1

individual bones of the ankle/ foot (4)

Answer 1

Fibula
Distal tibia
Tarsal bones
Rays of the foot

Question 2

talocrural joint
-consists of:

Answer 2

tibia, fibula, and talus

Question 3

The foot includes all

Answer 3

tarsal bones and joints distal to the ankle

Question 4

Naming of joints: foot 3 regions
-Rearfoot (hindfoot):
-Midfoot:
-Forefoot:

Answer 4

talus, calcaneus, subtalar joint

tarsal bones, transverse tarsal joint, intertarsal joints

metatarsals and phalanges with all tarsometatarsal joints

Question 5

tibia and fibula: anterior and posterior the same

ankle and foot: dorsal ONLY
T or F

Answer 5

TibFib: True

Ankle: false; dorsal and plantar

Question 6

tarsal bones (7)

-rearfoot
-midfoot
-forefoot

Answer 6

tarsal bones

-rearfoot: calcaneus, talus

-midfoot: cuboid, navicular, lateral, intermediate, and medial cuneiform bones

-forefoot: metatarsals and phalanges

Question 7

Thumb and great toe are the same. T or F

Answer 7

False; NOT

Question 8

Talus:
-trochlear surface
–A-P
–M-L
-head projects?

Answer 8

-Trochlear surface is a rounded dome

–convex A-P
–lightly concave M-L

-Head projects forward and slightly medially (30 degrees medial to sagittal plane (peds 40-50))

Question 9

Talus
-3 facets on:

Answer 9

3 facets on inferior surface: anterior, middle, posterior (subtalar joint w/ calcaneus)

Question 10

Talus:
-Talar sulcus is?

Answer 10

-sulcus is the groove

Question 11

Talus:
-posterior/ medial groove is pulley for?

Answer 11

-posterior/ medial groove is pulley for FHL (flexor hallucis longus)

Question 12

fibula

• long and?
• can palpate?
• transfers?
• forms?
• has articular?

Answer 12

-long, thin

-can palpate head

-Transfers 10% weight

-Forms lateral malleolus

-Articulate facet for talus

Question 13

distal tibia:
1. broadens to?
2. forms?
3. articulates w/?
4. has fibular?
5. twisted?

Answer 13

1. Broadens to transfer load
2. orms medial malleolus
3. Articular surface for talus (talocrural joint)
4. Fibular notch (distal tf)
5. Twisted externally @ longitudinal axis 20-30 degrees (external tibial torsion)
   —feet pointed out but knees straight

Question 14

terminology to describe movements: fundamental

Answer 14

-defines movement of foot/ankle occurring @ right angles to the three standard axes of rotation

Question 15

terminology to describe movements: fundamental

-three standard axes of rotation:

Answer 15

• Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion: sagittal plane/ML axis
• Eversion/inversion: frontal plane/AP axis
• Abduction/adduction: horizontal plane/vertical axis

Question 16

Why is the fundamental terminology to describe movements inadequate?

Answer 16

-inadequate because most motions occur @ oblique axis

Question 17

terminology to describe movements: applied

Answer 17

-defines motions perpendicular to oblique axes

Question 18

terminology to describe movements: applied
-what are the 2 applied axes of rotation?

Answer 18

-Pronation (eversion/abduction/DF)
-Supination (inversion/adduction/PF)

Question 19

MOST motion occur at the __________ axis because

Answer 19

oblique; lateral malleoli is a little lower and more posterior to medial malleoli

Question 20

Flat foot:
High arch:
Tight achilles/club foot:

Answer 20

pes plantas
pes canvas
pes equinas

Question 21

Fixed of abnormal postures of the foot: (5)

Answer 21

pes calcanues
varus
valgus
abductus
adductus

Question 22

The proximal tibfib is a __________ joint
-location in relation to the keee
–Articulation of
–tibfib is flat and __________
–covered in

Answer 22

synovial
-lateral and inferior to knee

–head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia (posterior/ lat region of tibia)

slightly oval
covered in articular cartilage

Question 23

What strengthens the proximal tibiofibular jt.
–move _______mm translation

Answer 23

Capsule, Tendon of biceps femoris and popliteus
1-3mm

Question 24

The distal tibfib is a _________ jt. and bounded by:

Answer 24

-syndesmosis/ synarthrodial joint; bound by interosseous membrane

Question 25

The ditsal tibfib jt.
–articulation of________
–slight movement associated w/ _________ must be stable for

Answer 25

-Fibular notch on tibia and distal medial surface of
fibula
-dorsiflexion; correct TC joint function

Question 26

Distal TibFib Jt.:
The __________ ligament has the strongest bond for the
—other 2 ligs?

Answer 26

-Interosseous ligament has strongest bond

-Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

Question 27

talocrural joint -__________
formed by:

Answer 27

Trochlea (dome) & sides of the talus with the ‘mortise’
–distal tibia/fibula

Question 28

The shape of the talocrural jt. provides:

Answer 28

a major source of stability

Question 29

Talocrural Jt:
_________% compressive forces pass through talus and tibia; ______% through talus and fibula

Answer 29

90-95%; 5-10%

*TIBIA BIGGER

Question 30

Talocrural jt. is lined w/

Answer 30

3 mm of articular cartilage protecting intra-articular subchondral bone

Question 31

ligaments of talocrural joint: overview:

-articular capsule is reinforced by __________
-lig possess ________ that enhance the ___________

Answer 31

collateral ligaments (stability)

mechanoreceptors; muscular stability

Question 32

The Talocrural ligaments limit: _______

–no one?

Answer 32

-inv/ev and A/P talus translations within the mortise
-muscle attaches directly on talus, so lig are important for talus stability

Question 33

The deltoid ligament is medial or lateral?

Answer 33

medial

Question 34

The deltoid Ligament:
-shape
-limites extremes of ____________ across _____ _____ ____ jts.

Answer 34

triangular shape
eversion
TC/ST/TN (multidirectional stability)

Question 35

Deltoid Ligament injury is very common. T or F

If injured what are the motions?

Answer 35

False: uncommon, due to strength of lat. malleolus bony bloc

landing or extreme twist of aBd (ER) and eversion

Question 36

How many bands of fiber does the Deltoid Ligament have?

Answer 36

4 bands of fibers

Question 37

Deltoid Ligament:
-deep component (2)
-superficial component (2)

Answer 37

Deep:
Posterior TibioTalar Lig.
Anterior TibioTalar Lig.

Superficial:
TibioCalcaneal Lig.
TibioNavicular Lig.