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AFAB I-II > Axial Skeleton: Cervical Spine Osteology > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton: Cervical Spine Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

Why know the specifics of osteology and arthrology?

A

-to palpate and examine/rexaminne properly
-tissue state,joint bone position/pathomechanics

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2
Q

Structures of Appendicular skeleton:

A

Bones of the extremities
Clavicle
Pelvis

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3
Q

Structures of Axial Skeleton:

A

Cranium
Vertebral column
Ribs
Sternum

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4
Q

-Encases and protects
-Brain
-Sensory organs: eyes, nose, vestibular

A

Cranium

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5
Q

2 divisons:
Scalelike and thinner
Thick; protects nerves vessels and hearing/balance structures

-Mastoid process
-External auditory
-Zygomatic arch
-Glenoid fossa

A

Temporal Bone

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6
Q

Roles of the vertebral column:

A

-Stability and motion
-Protection (spinal cord, ventral and dorsal nerve roots, dorsal root ganglion, exting spinal nerve roots, vertebral aa.)

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7
Q

What are the three divisions of the vertebrae?

A

Body
Posterior elements
Pedicles

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8
Q

-anterior, primary weight bearing portion

A

body

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9
Q

-transverse and spinous process, laminae, and articular process

A

posterior elements

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10
Q

-the bridge that connects the body with the posterior elements; transfer the muscle forces applied to. the posterior elements to the discs/body

A

Pedicles:

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11
Q

Function of the ribs:

A

Protection for cardiopulmonary organs

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12
Q

Slightly convex and rough anteriorly
Slightly concave and smooth posteriorly

A

Sternum

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13
Q

What are the 3 parts of the sternum?

A

Manubrium
The body
Xiphoid process

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14
Q

1-7 attach directly - sternocostal joints; 8-10 via cartilage

A

Sternocostal joint

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15
Q

Cervical/lumbar convex anteriorly, concave posteriorly =

A

Lordosis

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16
Q

Sacrum and thoracic =

A

Kyphosis

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17
Q

-poorly defined
-thin, membranous
-taunt in contralateral lateral flexion
-Slightly taut in forward flexion

A

Intertransverse ligamnets

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18
Q

-long, strong, straplike - narrow at C/S widens lower
-Basilar part of occipital bone –> entire anterior surface of vertebral bodies (deeper fibers blend with and reinforce discs) —> sacrum
-taunt in extension and slack flexion

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)

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19
Q

-a continues band of connective tissue
-the entire length of posterior surfaces of all vertebral bodies C2 sacrum
-within the vertebral canal anterior to the spinal cord
-deep fibers blend with and reinforce the posterior side of discs
-Cranially is broad, narrows toward lumbar regions
-Taunt with flexion

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

20
Q

-attach to the entire rim of teh facet surfaces
-blend of elastin and collagen; tough to keep integrity of joint/flexible to allow athrokinematics)
-reinforced by adjacent multifidus/ligamentum flava
-slack in neutral
-some fibers taut in each end ROM

A

Capsular ligaments of apophyseal joints

21
Q

Knowlege of the ligament related to the axis of rotation: Which plane?
-any ligament posterior will stretch in flexion; an anterior stretch in extension

A

Sagittal plane

22
Q

-each vertebra contributes motion in a complex pattern of simultaneous rotational and translation

A

Spine motion

23
Q

The “wiggle room” between the two vertebra is called the _________

A

neutral zone

24
Q

The neutral zone that has limited to no movement within the spine indicates:

A

hypomobile

25
Q

The neutral zone that has excessive and/or too much movement within the spine indicates:

A

hypermobile

26
Q

The neutral zone is a better measurement of the spine than ROM? T or F

A

True; one part can be hypo and another can be hypermobile

27
Q

With injury (DDD) the vertebral motion pattern ______ and influences the motion of the whole spine, potentially causing ______ and _______

A

changes, P! and hypermobility

28
Q

-the amount of intervertebral movement that occurs with the least passive resistance from the surrounding tissues.

A

Neutral zone

29
Q

The ____ system is composed of teh muscles and tendons and is discussed later.

A

active

30
Q

The ____ system consists of the body structures, ligaments, joint capsules, and discs of the musculotendinous units.

A

passive

31
Q

The _____ system is thought to send feedback to the neural subsystem about joint positions and challenges stability at the passive level

A

passive

32
Q

The ______subsystem receives and transmits information from, and to the other two systems to manage spinal stability. Neuromuscular control can be _______in patients with LBP and must be considered in a core stabilization program.

A

Neural; compromised

33
Q

can also be viewed from a segmental level as well as the whole spine level. When this neutral zone is larger than normal (and there is more slide, glide, and rotation between vertebrae) the spinal segments become stable)

A

core stability

34
Q

-small, most mobile vertebral column?
-transverse foramina (in TPs) - house vertebral artery

A

Cervical

35
Q

C3 -C6 Features:
______ - short and curved posterior-lateral
Very thin _______
_______ is large
Connective articulate process from “pillar” with _________
SPs are _____ ; some bifid

A

Pedicels
Laminae
Vertebral canal
Apophyseal joints
Short

36
Q

Atypical cervical vertebra:

A

C1, C2, C7

37
Q

C?
-support head
-nobody/pedicle/lamina or spinous process

A

C1

38
Q

C?
-large, tall body holds dens (odontoid process)
-Dens is the ridged vertical axis of rotation for head/atlas
-short Tps

A

C2

39
Q

C?
-largest cervical
-Can have large transverse and spinous process
-Can have a cervical rib (brachial plexus issue) of transverse process

A

C7

40
Q

Typical Thoracic Vertebrae:

A

T2-T9

41
Q

Atypical Thoracic Vertebrae: T1; T10-T12

A
42
Q

Typical intervertebral joints 3 functional components:

-mechanical levers that increase mechanical leverage of muscles and ligaments

-guiding intervertebral motion

-absorbed and disturbed load, .est adhesion,axes it rotation, spacers, provides passage for nerves)

A

Transverse/spinous process
Apophyseal joints
Interbody joints

43
Q

This is a description of what joint?
-24 pairs
-plane joint
-lined with articular cartilage
-enclosed by synovial well-innervated capsule
-acts as mechanical barricades

A

apophyseal joints

44
Q

The oreientation of facets strongly influence kinematics? T or F

A

True

45
Q

-puplike gel mid to posterior aspect of disc
-70-90% water in youth

A

Nuclues pulposus

46
Q

-hydraulic shock absorbing system
-Gel-like, proteoglycan GAGs linked to core proteins; thin type II to core proteins

A

Disc

AFAB I-II (23 decks)

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