Axial Skeleton: Cervical Spine Osteology

Question 1

Why know the specifics of osteology and arthrology?

Answer 1

-to palpate and examine/rexaminne properly
-tissue state,joint bone position/pathomechanics

Question 2

Structures of Appendicular skeleton:

Answer 2

Bones of the extremities
Clavicle
Pelvis

Question 3

Structures of Axial Skeleton:

Answer 3

Cranium
Vertebral column
Ribs
Sternum

Question 4

-Encases and protects
-Brain
-Sensory organs: eyes, nose, vestibular

Answer 4

Cranium

Question 5

2 divisons:
Scalelike and thinner
Thick; protects nerves vessels and hearing/balance structures

-Mastoid process
-External auditory
-Zygomatic arch
-Glenoid fossa

Answer 5

Temporal Bone

Question 6

Roles of the vertebral column:

Answer 6

-Stability and motion
-Protection (spinal cord, ventral and dorsal nerve roots, dorsal root ganglion, exting spinal nerve roots, vertebral aa.)

Question 7

What are the three divisions of the vertebrae?

Answer 7

Body
Posterior elements
Pedicles

Question 8

-anterior, primary weight bearing portion

Answer 8

body

Question 9

-transverse and spinous process, laminae, and articular process

Answer 9

posterior elements

Question 10

-the bridge that connects the body with the posterior elements; transfer the muscle forces applied to. the posterior elements to the discs/body

Answer 10

Pedicles:

Question 11

Function of the ribs:

Answer 11

Protection for cardiopulmonary organs

Question 12

Slightly convex and rough anteriorly
Slightly concave and smooth posteriorly

Answer 12

Sternum

Question 13

What are the 3 parts of the sternum?

Answer 13

Manubrium
The body
Xiphoid process

Question 14

1-7 attach directly - sternocostal joints; 8-10 via cartilage

Answer 14

Sternocostal joint

Question 15

Cervical/lumbar convex anteriorly, concave posteriorly =

Answer 15

Lordosis

Question 16

Sacrum and thoracic =

Answer 16

Kyphosis

Question 17

-poorly defined
-thin, membranous
-taunt in contralateral lateral flexion
-Slightly taut in forward flexion

Answer 17

Intertransverse ligamnets

Question 18

-long, strong, straplike - narrow at C/S widens lower
-Basilar part of occipital bone –> entire anterior surface of vertebral bodies (deeper fibers blend with and reinforce discs) —> sacrum
-taunt in extension and slack flexion

Answer 18

Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)

Question 19

-a continues band of connective tissue
-the entire length of posterior surfaces of all vertebral bodies C2 sacrum
-within the vertebral canal anterior to the spinal cord
-deep fibers blend with and reinforce the posterior side of discs
-Cranially is broad, narrows toward lumbar regions
-Taunt with flexion

Answer 19

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 20

-attach to the entire rim of teh facet surfaces
-blend of elastin and collagen; tough to keep integrity of joint/flexible to allow athrokinematics)
-reinforced by adjacent multifidus/ligamentum flava
-slack in neutral
-some fibers taut in each end ROM

Answer 20

Capsular ligaments of apophyseal joints

Question 21

Knowlege of the ligament related to the axis of rotation: Which plane?
-any ligament posterior will stretch in flexion; an anterior stretch in extension

Answer 21

Sagittal plane

Question 22

-each vertebra contributes motion in a complex pattern of simultaneous rotational and translation

Answer 22

Spine motion

Question 23

The “wiggle room” between the two vertebra is called the _________

Answer 23

neutral zone

Question 24

The neutral zone that has limited to no movement within the spine indicates:

Answer 24

hypomobile

Question 25

The neutral zone that has excessive and/or too much movement within the spine indicates:

Answer 25

hypermobile

Question 26

The neutral zone is a better measurement of the spine than ROM? T or F

Answer 26

True; one part can be hypo and another can be hypermobile

Question 27

With injury (DDD) the vertebral motion pattern ______ and influences the motion of the whole spine, potentially causing ______ and _______

Answer 27

changes, P! and hypermobility

Question 28

-the amount of intervertebral movement that occurs with the least passive resistance from the surrounding tissues.

Answer 28

Neutral zone

Question 29

The ____ system is composed of teh muscles and tendons and is discussed later.

Answer 29

active

Question 30

The ____ system consists of the body structures, ligaments, joint capsules, and discs of the musculotendinous units.

Answer 30

passive

Question 31

The _____ system is thought to send feedback to the neural subsystem about joint positions and challenges stability at the passive level

Answer 31

passive

Question 32

The ______subsystem receives and transmits information from, and to the other two systems to manage spinal stability. Neuromuscular control can be _______in patients with LBP and must be considered in a core stabilization program.

Answer 32

Neural; compromised

Question 33

can also be viewed from a segmental level as well as the whole spine level. When this neutral zone is larger than normal (and there is more slide, glide, and rotation between vertebrae) the spinal segments become stable)

Answer 33

core stability

Question 34

-small, most mobile vertebral column? -transverse foramina (in TPs) - house vertebral artery

Answer 34

Cervical

Question 35

C3 -C6 Features: ______ - short and curved posterior-lateral Very thin _______ _______ is large Connective articulate process from "pillar" with _________ SPs are _____ ; some bifid

Answer 35

Pedicels Laminae Vertebral canal Apophyseal joints Short

Question 36

Atypical cervical vertebra:

Answer 36

C1, C2, C7

Question 37

C? -support head -nobody/pedicle/lamina or spinous process

Answer 37

C1

Question 38

C? -large, tall body holds dens (odontoid process) -Dens is the ridged vertical axis of rotation for head/atlas -short Tps

Answer 38

C2

Question 39

C? -largest cervical -Can have large transverse and spinous process -Can have a cervical rib (brachial plexus issue) of transverse process

Answer 39

C7

Question 40

Typical Thoracic Vertebrae:

Answer 40

T2-T9

Question 41

Atypical Thoracic Vertebrae: T1; T10-T12

Question 42

Typical intervertebral joints 3 functional components: -mechanical levers that increase mechanical leverage of muscles and ligaments -guiding intervertebral motion -absorbed and disturbed load, .est adhesion,axes it rotation, spacers, provides passage for nerves)

Answer 42

Transverse/spinous process Apophyseal joints Interbody joints

Question 43

This is a description of what joint? -24 pairs -plane joint -lined with articular cartilage -enclosed by synovial well-innervated capsule -acts as mechanical barricades

Answer 43

apophyseal joints

Question 44

The oreientation of facets strongly influence kinematics? T or F

Answer 44

True

Question 45

-puplike gel mid to posterior aspect of disc -70-90% water in youth

Answer 45

Nuclues pulposus

Question 46

-hydraulic shock absorbing system -Gel-like, proteoglycan GAGs linked to core proteins; thin type II to core proteins

Answer 46

Disc