Thoracolumbar Spine/SIJ Osteology and Arthrology Flashcards
What are the 3 divisions of vertebrae:
vertebral body
posterior elements
pedicles
Function/role of vertebral body:
anterior, primary weight-bearing component
What makes up the posterior elements of the vertebrae:
transverse/spinous process, laminae, articular process
Function/role of pedicles:
the bridge that connects body posterior elements; thick and strong, transfers mm. forces applied to posterior elements for dispersion across body/disc
What is the purpose of spinal curves:
provides strength and resilience (spring-like) but is vulnerable to shear forces at transitions
What is the function/role of spinal ligamentous:
limits motions help maintain natural curves, protect the spinal cord/nerve roots by stabilizing the spine
Ligamentum Flavum location and function:
ant. lamina to pos. lamina
end ROM flexion 80% elastin, pos. to spinal cord
Interspinous ligament location and function:
between the adjacent SPs; blends with LF
more elastin; more superficial, more collagen, and blend w/SS lig, directions varies-L/S
Superspinous Ligament location and function:
between tips of SPs
resists separation -flexion, less developed in L/S
Intertranverse Ligamnet location and function:
thin taut in contralateral SB
Between TPS
Ant. longitudinal ligament (ALL) location and function:
long, strong strap-like, occiput to the sacrum,
fibers into and reinforce ant. disc
Pos. longitudinal ligament (PLL) location and function:
posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies, C2-sacrum (in canal),
blends w/ and reinforces posterior discs
Capsular ligaments (facets): location and function:
the entire rim of facets, connects and stabilize
reinforced by adjacent muscles (multifidus)
What is the neutral zone?
the amount of intervertebral movement that occurs with the least passive resistance from the surrounding tissues (minimal stiffness zone)
If the neutral zone grows larger as disc degeneration or ligamentous injury occurs what happens:
there is more laxity or instability in the spine to control and more demands are placed on the stabilizing systems
T or F: the larger the neutral zone the more slide, glide, and rotation between vertebrae.
True
This system is thought to send feedback to the neural subsystem about joint positions and challenges at the passive level
-what structures are involved?
passive system
-bony structures, ligaments, joint capsules discs and passive portion of musculotendinous units
_______ system is composed of the muscles and tendons and is the subject of the core exercises
active system
__________ system receives and transmits information from and to the other two systems to manage spinal stability
neural system
What is the SPs alignment in relation to the vertebral bodies in the t-spine?
SPs are pointing downward
What is the orientation of the articular facts in the t-spine?
-sup/inf. oriented vertically
-sup facing posterior/inf.
-anterior; aligned close to the frontal plane
What is the orientation of the articular facets in the L/S
articular facets oriented vertically
–sup; concave, face medial to med-pos.
–inf; articular facet convex, lateral to ant. lateral
What are the arthokinematics of flexion in the t-spine and lumbar spine?
facets slide sup. and slightly ant.
flexion - limited by connective tissues located posterior to the vertebral bodies
What are the arthokinematics of extension in the t-spine and L-spine?
facets slide inf. and slightly post.
15-20º of extension limited by tension in ALL and lamina of adjacent vertebrae
