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Clinical Parasitology > Trematodes > Flashcards

Trematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Common name of Platyhelminthes Trematodes.

A

Flukes

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2
Q

[2] Sub divided into two: Platyhelminthes Trematodes

A
  1. Monoecious
  2. Diecious
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3
Q

flattened or leaf-shaped bodies.

[platyhelminthes trematodes]

A

Monoecious

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4
Q

hermaphroditic

[platyhelminthes trematodes]

A

Monoecious

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5
Q

needs 2 intermediate host.

[platyhelminthes trematodes]

A

Monoecious

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6
Q

producing egg.

[platyhelminthes trematodes]

A

Monoecious

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7
Q

cylindrical bodies.

[platyhelminthes trematodes]

A

Diecious

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8
Q

sexes are separate.

[platyhelminthes trematodes]

A

Diecious

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9
Q

need 1 intermediate host.

[platyhelminthes trematodes]

A

Diecious

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10
Q

produce non-operculum egg.

[platyhelminthes trematodes]

A

Diecious

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11
Q

The trematodes or flukes are classified under?

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

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12
Q

[3] Life cycle of trematodes:

A
  1. Egg stage
  2. Larval stage
  3. Adult stage
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13
Q

Eggs are operculated.

A

Trematodes (flukes)

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14
Q

Infective stage to the final host is the metacercaria.

A

Trematodes (flukes)

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15
Q

Mode of transmission is fecal oral (except Schistosoma spp.)

A

Trematodes (flukes)

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16
Q

Requires 2 intermediate host.

A

Trematodes (flukes)

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17
Q

Eggs of most species have a lid called “operculum”.

A

Trematodes (flukes)

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18
Q

Eggs of most species have a lid called?

A

operculum

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19
Q

Adult covered by a tegument or skin.

A

Trematodes (flukes)

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20
Q

Excretory system includes flame cells, capillaries, collecting tubules and an excretory bladder.

A

Trematodes (flukes)

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21
Q

Ingestion of metacercaria through improperly cooked 2nd I.H

A

Mode of transmission of Trematodes.

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22
Q

Skin penetration by fork-tailed cercaria in flukes.

A

Mode of transmission of Trematodes.

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23
Q

[5] Larval stage of Platyhelminthes Trematodes.

A
  1. Miracidium
  2. Sporocyst
  3. Redia
  4. Cercariae
  5. Metacercariae
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24
Q

Free swimming stage; ciliated embryo which hatches in water to penetrate the 1st intermediate host.

[larval stage]

A

Miracidium

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25
Q

Sac-like structure with germ balls which proliferative; found in snail host.

[larval stage]

A

Sporocyst

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26
Q

Sac-like structure containing oral sucker, a pharynx, a birth pore, cercariae germ balls and another generation of redia also found in the snail host.

[larval stage]

A

Redia

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27
Q

Stage in life cycle which emerges from the snail host, all possess tail therefore, they are free swimming.

[larval stage]

A

Cerceriae

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28
Q

Fond in the 2nd intermediate host.

[larval stage]

A

Metacercariae

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29
Q

Common name of Fasciola Hepatica.

A

Temperate liver fluke
Sheep liver fluke

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30
Q

Common name of Fasciola Gigantica.

A

Tropical liver fluke

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31
Q

[3] Life cycle of Fasciola’s.

A

1st intermediate host
2nd intermediate host
Mode of transmission

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32
Q

Snails

A

1st Intermediate host

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33
Q

Aquatic plants

A

2nd Intermediate host

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34
Q

[2] Intermediate host: Snails

A

Lymnaea philippinensis
Lymnaea aurcularia rubiginosa

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35
Q

[2] 2nd Intermediate host: Aquatic plants

A

Ipomea obscura
Nasturtium officinale

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36
Q

Ingestion of aquatic plants containing metacercaria.

[life cycle]

A

Mode of transmission

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37
Q

kangkong

A

Ipomea obscura

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38
Q

water cress

A

Nasturtium officinale

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39
Q

Specimen of choice for recovery of the eggs of F. gigantica and F. hepatica is?

A

Stool

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40
Q

History of eating uncooked water plants from infested locale.

A

Fasciola’s

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41
Q

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).

A

PCR

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42
Q

It is considered the most important helminth infection of cattle.

A

Fasciola

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43
Q

Found worldwide, particularly in areas in which sheep and cattle are raised. The natural host for the completion of the F. hepatica lifecycle is the sheep. Human serves as accidental hosts.

A

Fasciola hepatica

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44
Q

Natural host of Fasciola hepatica lifecycle is?

A

Sheep

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45
Q

In fasciola, it serves as accidental hosts.

A

Human

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46
Q

[2] Clinical stages of Fasciolopiasis:

A

Acute stage
Chronic stage

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47
Q

Larval migration and hepatic migration.

[clinical stage of fasciolapiasis]

A

Acute stage

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48
Q

Persistence of fasciola worms in the biliary ducts.

[clinical stage of fasciolapiasis]

A

Chronic stage

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49
Q

Temporary lodgement of the worm in the pharynx. headache, fever, chills, and pains in the liver area of the body.

A

Halzoun

50
Q

Intestinal obstruction, and even death.

A

Fasciola’s

51
Q

Common name of Clonorchis Sinensis.

A

Chinese liver fluke

52
Q

Disease associated in Clonorchis Sinensis

A

Clonorchiasis

53
Q

Infective stage of Clonorchis Sinensis.

A

Metacercariae

54
Q

Mode of transmission: Eating raw fresh water fish and shrimps with metacercariae.

A

Clonorchis sinensis

55
Q

Site of inhabitation of Clonorchis Sinensis

A

Bile ducts

56
Q

Reservoir Host: Cat, dog

A

Clonorchis Sinensis

57
Q

Life span: 20-30 years

A

Clonorchis Sinensis

58
Q

1st Intermediate host of Clonorchis Sinensis

A

Snail

59
Q

2nd Intermediate host of Clonorchis Sinensis.

A

Fish

60
Q

Glycolytic enzyme found in many parasite counterparts for vaccine and drug development.

A

Phosphoglycerate kinase

61
Q

Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK): glycolytic enzyme found in many parasite counterparts for vaccine and drug development.

A

Clonorchis sinensis

62
Q

It is endemic in areas of the far east, including China, especially the northeast portions, Taiwan, Korea, Vietnam, and Japan.

A

Clonorchis sinensis

63
Q

Enlargement and tenderness of the liver and leukocytosis may also occur.

A

Clonorchis sinensis

64
Q

Cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, and cholangiocarcinoma (carcinoma of liver and adenocarcinoma of gallbladder).

A

Clonorchis sinensis

65
Q

Common name of Opistorchis Felineus.

A

Cat liver fluke

66
Q

Common name of Opistorchis Viverrini

A

Southeast asian liver fluke

67
Q

History of eating raw, pickled, or poorly cooked fish.

A

Opistorchis

68
Q

1st intermediate host of Opistorchis

A

Bithynia

69
Q

2nd intermediate host of Opistorchis

A

Cypridae
Cobitidae

70
Q

Detection of eggs in the patient’s stool or duodenal drainage spiration.

A

Opistorchis

71
Q

Site of inhibition: Small intestine.

A

Fasciolopsis buski

72
Q

Site of inhibition of Fasciolopsis buski.

A

Small intestine

73
Q

Infective stage of Fasciolopsis buski.

A

Metecercariae

74
Q

Mode of transmission: Eating raw water plants with metacercariae.

A

Fasciolopsis buski

75
Q

Life span: 1-4 years

A

Fasciolopsis buski

76
Q

Reservoir of Fasciolopsis buski.

A

Pig

77
Q

Same life cycle with Trematodes flukes.

A

Fasciolopsis buski

78
Q

[2] 1st Intermediate host of Fasciolopsis Buski.

A
  1. Segmentina
  2. Hippeutis
79
Q

Malnutrition results result from the worms sharing food with host and diarrhea. Manifest anemia, edema of leg and face even ascites.

A

Fasciolopsis buski

80
Q

It is related to growing water plants and feeding pigs on water plants.

A

Prevalence of fasciolopiasis

81
Q

It is prevalent in southeast asia and lives in human’s and pigs intestine.

A

Fasciolopsis buski

82
Q

1st intermediate host: not yet known.

A

Artyfechinostomum Malayanum

83
Q

2nd intermediate host:
Lymnea (Bullastra) cumingiana (birabid)

A

Artyfechinostomum Malayanum

84
Q

[2] Clinical Symptoms of Artyfechinostomum Malayanum

A
  1. Light infection
  2. Heavy infection
85
Q

Anemia, headache, gastric pain, and loose stools.

[Clinical Symptoms of Artyfechinostomum Malayanum]

A

Light infection

86
Q

Abdominal pain, emaciation, weakness, anemia, profuse watery diarrhea, hemorrhage, edema, and anorexia.

[Clinical Symptoms of Artyfechinostomum Malayanum]

A

Heavy infection

87
Q

Common name of Fasciolopsis Buski

A

Giant intestinal fluke

88
Q

Enteritis due to the attachment of the adults manifests abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

A

Fasciolopsis buski

89
Q

Lives in the intestine of fish eating host.

A

Heterophyid Flukes

90
Q

1st intermediate host: brackish water snail
- Melania juncea
- Thiara riquetti

A

Heterophyid Flukes

91
Q

2nd intermediate host of Heterophyid Flukes

A

Fishes

92
Q

It is essential to ensure proper species identification.

A

Careful microscopic examination

93
Q

Careful microscopic examination is essential to ensure proper species identification.

A

Heterophyid Flukes

94
Q

This is difficult to achieve because the eggs of Heterophyes, Metagonimus, and Clonorchis are so similar.

A

Heterophyid Flukes

95
Q

Common name of Paragonimus Westermani

A

Oriental lung fluke

96
Q

RESERVOIR HOST: Pigs , dogs, and feline specie

A

Paragonimus westermani

97
Q

1st Intermediate Host: Snail
2nd Intermediate Host: Mountain crab

A

Paragonimus westermani

98
Q

It is transmitted in undercooked crayfish or crabs.

A

Paragonimus westermani

99
Q

Infection caused by this occur in several areas of the world, including portions of Asia and Africa, India, and South America.

A

Paragonimus westermani

100
Q

Pigs and monkey serves as reservoir hosts, as well as other animals whose diet includes crayfish and crabs.

A

Paragonimus westermani

101
Q

[3] Schistosoma spp.

A
  1. Shistosoma mansoni
  2. Schistosoma haematobium
  3. Schistosoma japonicum
102
Q

Manson’s blood fluke.

[schistosoma spp.]

A

Schistosoma mansoni

103
Q

bilharziasis or urinary schistosomiasis.

[schistosoma spp.]

A

Schistosoma haematobium

104
Q

Katayama’s disease.

[schistosoma spp.]

A

Schistosoma japonicum

105
Q

It is accomplished by recovery of the eggs in stool.

[schistosoma’s]

A

Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum

106
Q

It is recovered in a concentrated urine specimen.

[schistosoma]

A

Schistosoma haematobium

107
Q

Reside in the veins that surround the intestinal tract, as well as in the blood passages of the liver.

[schistosoma’s]

A

Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum

108
Q

Resides in the veins surrounding surrounding the bladder.

[schistosoma]

A

Schistosoma haematobium

109
Q

Intermediate host of Schistosoma.

A

Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi

110
Q

Intermediate host: Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi

A

Schistosoma

111
Q

Parts of africa.

[schistosoma]

A

Schistosoma mansoni

112
Q

Parts of Far east.

[schistosoma]

A

Schistosoma japonicum

113
Q

Almost all of africa and portions of the
middle east.

[schistosoma]

A

Schistosoma haematobium

114
Q

It is present in the macrophages and
neutrophils. (schistosoma)

A

Brown hematin pigment

115
Q

Present in the adult worm breaks down globulin and hemoglobin. (schistosoma)

A

Hemoglobinase

116
Q

Common name of Echinostoma Ilocanum

A

Garrison’s fluke

117
Q

Disease associated in Echinostoma Ilocanum

A

Echinostomiasis

118
Q

He first discovered this food-borne, intestinal, zoonotic, snail-mediated parasitosis in 1907 in Manila.

A

Garrison

119
Q

Found in intestine of birds and mammals throughout the world.

A

Echinostoma Ilocanum

120
Q

It is endemic in North Luzon, Leyte, Samar,
Mindanao provinces.

A

Echinostoma Ilocanum

121
Q

Reservoir of Echinostoma Ilocanum

A

Wild animals and birds

Clinical Parasitology (19 decks)

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