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Clinical Parasitology > Free-living Pathogenic Amebae > Flashcards

Free-living Pathogenic Amebae Flashcards

1
Q

Found in warm bodies of water, including lakes, streams, ponds, and swimming pools.

A

Naegleria Fowleri

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2
Q

Can survive in up to 0.5 ug/ ml of hyper chlorinated water.

A

Naegleria Fowleri

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3
Q

Higher in the summer months of the year.

A

Naegleria Fowleri

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4
Q

Able to survive in elevated temperatures up to 46° C.

A

Naegleria Fowleri

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5
Q

Can be acquired in contaminated dust.

A

Naegleria Fowleri

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6
Q

3 Clinical Symptoms of Naegleria Fowleri

A

Asymptomatic
Kernig’s sign
Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)

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7
Q

CSF findings:
- pleocytosis (high percentage of PMN cells)
- hypoglycorrhacia
- elevated protein levels

A

Naegleria Fowleri

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8
Q

2 Treatments of Naegleria Fowleri

A

Amphotericin B - DOC
Amphotericin B with rifamfin/miconazole

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9
Q

First noted as a contaminant in tissue cultures and subsequently was found to produce lethal meningoencephalitis on nasal instillation into mice and other animals.

A

Acanthamoeba

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10
Q

Culture: Proteose -peptone, yeast extract, glucose and cysteine (PYGC) containing antibiotics.

A

Acanthamoeba

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11
Q

Reported from many countries worldwide both CNS and eye infection.

A

Acanthamoeba

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12
Q

CNS infection appears in patient who are immunocompromised.

A

Acanthamoeba

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13
Q

Isolated from air, aquaria, bottled mineral water, soil swimming pools, deep well water, contact lens solution.

A

Acanthamoeba

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14
Q

GAE means

A

Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis

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15
Q

First documented by “Stamm”

A

Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis

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16
Q

Incubation period: 10 days

A

Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis

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17
Q

May be caused by several species Acanthamoeba, including A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. polyphaga, and A. astronyxis, among others.

A

Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis — Acanthamoeba

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18
Q

Infection is thought to spread hematogenously from primary foci in skin, the pharynx, or the respiratory tract.

A

Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis — Acanthamoeba

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19
Q

Systemic infections occur in individuals with AIDS and may present as ulcerative skin lesions, subcutaneous abscesses, or erythematous nodules.

A

Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis — Acanthamoeba

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20
Q

2 Clinical Symptoms of Acanthamoeba

A

Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis
Acanthamoeba keratitis

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21
Q

The disease is characterized by development of a paracetamol ring infiltrate of the corneal stroma, which progresses to ulceration and possible perforation, with loss of the eye.

A

Acanthamoeba keratitis

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22
Q

It is required in cases of extensive and refractory disease.

A

Keratoplasty

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23
Q

Diagnosis usually is established by demonstrating amebic trophozoites or cysts in corneal scrapings or biopsies.

A

Acanthamoeba keratitis

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24
Q

6 Treatments of Acanthamoeba

A

Sulfamethazine
Itraconazole
Ketoconazole
Miconazole
Propamidine isethianate (DOC)
Rifampin

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25
Q

Infective stage: cyst, viable for several weeks.

A

Balantidium Coli

26
Q

Human infection results from ingestion of food or water contaminated with fecal material containing this cysts.

A

Balantidium Coli

27
Q

Incubation period: 4-5 days

A

Balantidium Coli

28
Q

Ingested cysts excysts in the small intestine.

A

Balantidium Coli

29
Q

Trophozoites inhabit the lumen, mucosa and submucosa of the large intestine, primarily the cecal region.

A

Balantidium Coli

30
Q

Disease: Balantidiasis , balantidial dysentery

A

Balantidium Coli — Pathogenesis

31
Q

It invades the intestinal epithelium through release of the enzyme hyaluronidase and creates a characteristic ulcer with a rounded base and wide neck.

[pathogenic amebae]

A

Balantidium Coli

32
Q

Acute diarrhea with mucus and blood, cramps.

A

Balantidium Coli — Pathogenesis

33
Q

Complications include intestinal perforation and acute appendicitis.

A

Balantidium Coli — Pathogenesis

34
Q

Usually non-pathogenic commensal in the large intestine.

A

Balantidium Coli — Pathogenesis

35
Q

Many infected individuals are asymptomatic.

A

Balantidium Coli — Pathogenesis

36
Q

Majority of the symptomatic patients complain of diarrhea and dysentery.

A

Balantidium Coli — Pathogenesis

37
Q

Abdominal discomfort or pain associated with nausea and vomiting.

A

Balantidium Coli — Pathogenesis

38
Q

3 Treatments of Balantidium Coli

A

Metronidazole
Tetracycline
Iodoquinol

39
Q

Prevention: proper sanitation, safe water supply and protection of food from contamination.

[pathogenic amebae]

A

Balantidium Coli

40
Q

It is resistant to environmental conditions and may survive for long period, they are easily inactivated by heat and 1% sodium hypochlorite.

A

Balantidium Coli — Cyst

41
Q

5 Morphological Forms of Blastocystis Hominis

A
  1. Vacuolated forms
  2. Ameba-like forms
    3.Granular forms
  3. Multiple fission forms
  4. Cystic forms
42
Q

Most predominant.

[morphological forms of blastocystis hominis]

A

Vacuolated forms

43
Q

Large central vacuole (reproductive organelle and very thick capsule.

[morphological forms of blastocystis hominis]

A

Vacuolated forms

44
Q

Active extensions and pseudopodia.

[morphological forms of blastocystis hominis]

A

Ameba-like forms

45
Q

Nuclear chromatin: peripheral clumping.

[morphological forms of blastocystis hominis]

A

Ameba-like forms

46
Q

Intermediate stage between vacuolar and pre cystic.

[morphological forms of blastocystis hominis]

A

Ameba-like forms

47
Q

Observed from old cultures.

[morphological forms of blastocystis hominis]

A

Granular forms

48
Q

Contents develop into daughter cells of the amoeba - form when it ruptures.

[morphological forms of blastocystis hominis]

A

Granular forms

49
Q

Arise from vacuolated forms.

[morphological forms of blastocystis hominis]

A

Multiple fission forms

50
Q

Produce many vacuolated forms.

[morphological forms of blastocystis hominis]

A

Multiple fission forms

51
Q

Very prominent and thick osmophilic electron dense wall.

[morphological forms of blastocystis hominis]

A

Cystic forms

52
Q

responsible for external transmission.

[cystic forms]

A

Thick walled cyst

53
Q

reinfection within a hosts intestinal tract.

[cystic forms]

A

Thin walled cyst

54
Q

Stool is the specimen of choice for the recovery.

A

Blastocystis Hominis — Diagnosis

55
Q

Concentration technique: increase sensitivity.

A

Blastocystis Hominis — Diagnosis

56
Q

Hematoxylin or Trichome: to differentiate various stages.

A

Blastocystis Hominis — Diagnosis

57
Q

Culture: Boeck and Drbohhlav’s media, Nelson and Jones media

A

Blastocystis Hominis — Diagnosis

58
Q

Infections indicated that they occurred as epidemic in subtropical countries.

[pathogenic amoebae]

A

B.hominis

59
Q

3 Treatments of Blastocystis Hominis

A
  1. Iodoquinol
  2. Metronidazole
  3. Trimethroprim - sulfamethoxazole
60
Q

Kidney shaped

A

Macronucleus

61
Q

Small spherical

A

Micronucleus

62
Q
A

Clinical Parasitology (4 decks)

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