Free-living Pathogenic Amebae Flashcards
Found in warm bodies of water, including lakes, streams, ponds, and swimming pools.
Naegleria Fowleri
Can survive in up to 0.5 ug/ ml of hyper chlorinated water.
Naegleria Fowleri
Higher in the summer months of the year.
Naegleria Fowleri
Able to survive in elevated temperatures up to 46° C.
Naegleria Fowleri
Can be acquired in contaminated dust.
Naegleria Fowleri
3 Clinical Symptoms of Naegleria Fowleri
Asymptomatic
Kernig’s sign
Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)
CSF findings:
- pleocytosis (high percentage of PMN cells)
- hypoglycorrhacia
- elevated protein levels
Naegleria Fowleri
2 Treatments of Naegleria Fowleri
Amphotericin B - DOC
Amphotericin B with rifamfin/miconazole
First noted as a contaminant in tissue cultures and subsequently was found to produce lethal meningoencephalitis on nasal instillation into mice and other animals.
Acanthamoeba
Culture: Proteose -peptone, yeast extract, glucose and cysteine (PYGC) containing antibiotics.
Acanthamoeba
Reported from many countries worldwide both CNS and eye infection.
Acanthamoeba
CNS infection appears in patient who are immunocompromised.
Acanthamoeba
Isolated from air, aquaria, bottled mineral water, soil swimming pools, deep well water, contact lens solution.
Acanthamoeba
GAE means
Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis
First documented by “Stamm”
Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis
Incubation period: 10 days
Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis
May be caused by several species Acanthamoeba, including A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. polyphaga, and A. astronyxis, among others.
Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis — Acanthamoeba
Infection is thought to spread hematogenously from primary foci in skin, the pharynx, or the respiratory tract.
Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis — Acanthamoeba
Systemic infections occur in individuals with AIDS and may present as ulcerative skin lesions, subcutaneous abscesses, or erythematous nodules.
Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis — Acanthamoeba
2 Clinical Symptoms of Acanthamoeba
Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis
Acanthamoeba keratitis
The disease is characterized by development of a paracetamol ring infiltrate of the corneal stroma, which progresses to ulceration and possible perforation, with loss of the eye.
Acanthamoeba keratitis
It is required in cases of extensive and refractory disease.
Keratoplasty
Diagnosis usually is established by demonstrating amebic trophozoites or cysts in corneal scrapings or biopsies.
Acanthamoeba keratitis
6 Treatments of Acanthamoeba
Sulfamethazine
Itraconazole
Ketoconazole
Miconazole
Propamidine isethianate (DOC)
Rifampin