Plasmodium II Flashcards
[2] Phase
- Invertebrate phase
- Vertebrate phase
4-15 days after ingestion of gametocyte.
[phase]
Invertebrate phase
Mosquito takes a blood meal containing gametocytes from infected person.
Female Anopheles
[2] gametocytes
- Microgametocytes
- Macrogametocytes
male
[gametocytes]
Microogametocytes
Nuclear division and exflagellation.
[gametocytes]
Microgametocytes
female
[gametocytes]
Macrogametocytes
Shifting of nucleus to the surface to form a
projection.
[gametocytes]
Macrogametocytes
Microgamete penetrates macrogametes producing an ookinete.
[gametocytes]
Macrogametocytes
Mosquito injects sporozoites to man.
[phase]
Vertebrate phase
Sporozoites disappear from the blood.
[phase]
Vertebrate phase
– Some are destroyed by the host immune system.
– Enters liver parenchymal cells (hypnozoites in P. vivax and P. ovale)
Vertebrate phase
[9] Insect Vector in the Philippines
- Anopheles Flavirostris
- Anopheles Balabacensis
- Anopheles Lesteri
- Anopheles Philippinensis
- Anopheles Umbrosus
- Anopheles Leucosphyrus
- Anopheles Litoralis
- Anopheles Maculates
- Anopheles Mangyanu
Primary vector in the Philippines, night biter, breeds in slow-flowing clean water mountain streams.
[anopheles]
Anopheles Flavirostris
Rest either indoors or outdoors, in puddles, pools, ponds, and in shades.
[anopheles]
Anopheles Balabacensis
rest either indoors or outdoors, in pools, ponds, lakes, and in ricefields.
Anopheles lesteri
rest either indoors or outdoors, in pools ponds or lakes.
Anopheles philippinensis
rest out of doors, in pools, ponds, lakes, running streams and canals in shades.
Anopheles umbrosus
Vector of Plasmodium knowlesi, typically found in forest areas in South East Asia but with a greater clearing of forest areas for farmland.
Anopheles leucosphyrus
can occur over months or years.
[malaria transmission]
recrudescences and relapses
Can develop severe complications (especially P. falciparum).
Malaria transmission
Periodic episodes of fever alternating with symptom-free periods.
Malaria transmission
[3] Clinical features of Malaria transmission
- Cold stage
- Hot stage
- Sweating stage
Chilly sensations that progresses to a teeth chattering, frankly shaking chill. The peripheral blood vessels are constricted and the lips and nails are cyanotic.
[clinical features of MT]
Cold stage
The body temperature begins to mount rapidly as the blood vessels dilate.
[clinical features of MT]
Hot stage
Temperature peaks at 39-41 C, skin is hot and the face flushed.
[clinical features of MT]
Hot stage
Sign and symptoms includes nausea, vomiting headache and rapid pulse.
[clinical features of MT]
Hot stage
High fever may produce convulsion in children.
[clinical features of MT]
Hot stage
The patient perspires profusely, temperature falls and the headache disappears.
[clinical features of MT]
Sweating stage
The patient is exhausted but symptomless. And the next day the patient can feel quite well, before the next paroxysm occurs.
[clinical features of MT]
Sweating stage
feeling of intense cold.
[clinical features of MT]
Cold stage
vigorous shivering, rigor.
[clinical features of MT]
Cold stage