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Clinical Parasitology > Atrial Flagellates > Flashcards

Atrial Flagellates Flashcards

1
Q

Discovered first the Giardia Lamblia.

A

Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek

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2
Q

First described by French scientist Dr. F. Lambl and Czechoslovakian scientist Dr. Giard: Cercomonas intestinalis.

A

Giardia Lamblia

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3
Q

Size range: 8-10 um long and 5-16 um wide.

A

Giardia Lamblia (Trophozoite)

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4
Q

Appearance: Bilaterally symmetrical

A

Giardia Lamblia (Trophozoite)

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5
Q

Size range:
- 8-17 um long
- 6-10 um wide
Shape:
- ovoid

A

Giardia lamblia (Cyst)

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6
Q

Stool examination
▪ flatus smell like rotten eggs: hydrogen sulfide
▪ Formed stool: cyst
▪ Liquid, soft stool: trophozoites

A

Gardia lamblia

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7
Q

Found world-wide in lakes, streams, and other water sources.

A

Giardia lamblia (Epidemiology)

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8
Q

Considered to be a non-pathogen.

A

Giardia lamblia (Clinical Symptoms)

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9
Q

This organism is now considered to be the only known pathogenic intestinal flagellates:

  • Asymptomatic Carrier State
  • Giardiasis ( Traveler’s Diarrhea / Gay bowel syndrome)
A

Giardia lamblia (Clinical Symptoms)

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10
Q

3 Treatments for Giardia lamblia

A
  1. Metronidazole
  2. Tinidazole
  3. Nitazoxanide
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11
Q

Other structure:

  • undulating membrane
  • extending half of body length
  • prominent axostyle that often curves around nucleus
  • granules maybe seen along axostyle
A

Trichomonas vaginalis (Trophozoite)

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12
Q

Sexual intercourse is the primary mode of transmission.

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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13
Q

Known to be transferred via contaminated toilet articles or underclothing.

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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14
Q

Asymptomatic Carrier state – most frequently in men.

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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15
Q

Persistent Urethritis
Persistent Vaginitis - strawberry cervix

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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16
Q

Infant infection: conjunctivitis, respiratory infection

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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17
Q

Stool examination: trophozoites

A

Trichomonas hominis (Diagnosis)

18
Q

Transmission mostly occurs by ingesting trophozoites.

A

Trichomonas hominis

19
Q

Contaminated milk is one of the source of infection.

A

Trichomonas hominis

20
Q

Clinical Symptoms is Asymtomatic

A

Trichomonas hominis

21
Q

Diagnosis:

Specimen of choice is mouth scraping

A

Trichomonas tenax

22
Q

The exact mode of transmission is unknown.

A

Trichomonas tenax

23
Q

Epidemiology:

Some evidence suggesting that the use of contaminated dishes and utensils.

A

Trichomonas tenax

24
Q

Epidemiology:

Introducing droplet contamination through kissing.

A

Trichomonas tenax

25
Q

Has been known to invade the respiratory tract.

A

Trichomonas tenax

26
Q

Traditional examination of freshly passed liquid stool.

A

Chilomastix mesnili

27
Q

It is cosmopolitan in its distribution and prefers warm climate.

A

Chilomastix mesnili

28
Q

This may occur primarily through hand-to-mouth contamination or via contaminated food or drink.

A

Chilomatix mesnili

29
Q

First discovered by Wenyo

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

30
Q

Described by Pepps and Dobell

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

31
Q

Originally described as an ameba.

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

32
Q

No cyst stage identified.

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

33
Q

Co-infection with Enterobius vermicularis.

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

34
Q

Differs from the amebic trophozoites
when mounted in water preparations.

A

Hakansson phenomenon — D. fragilis

35
Q

Fixed stool with polyvinyl alcohol or Schaudinn’s fixative.

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

36
Q

Molecular techniques: RT-PCR

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

37
Q

It is transmitted via the eggs of helminth parasites such as Enterobius vermicularis and Ascaris lumbricoides.

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

38
Q

Risk of contracting is homosexual men, those living in semi communal groups, and persons who are institutionalized.

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

39
Q

Some species have rudimentary mouth called?

A

Cytostome

40
Q

Neuromotor apparatus consists of [2]

A
  1. Kinetoplast
  2. Axoneme
41
Q

2 Pathogenic

A
  1. Giardia Lamblia
  2. Trichomonas vaginalis
42
Q

5 Non- Pathogenic

A
  1. Chilomastix mesnili
  2. Trichomonas hominis
  3. Trichomonas tenax
  4. Enteromonas hominis
  5. Retortamonas intestinalis

Clinical Parasitology (4 decks)

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