Atrial Flagellates Flashcards
Discovered first the Giardia Lamblia.
Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek
First described by French scientist Dr. F. Lambl and Czechoslovakian scientist Dr. Giard: Cercomonas intestinalis.
Giardia Lamblia
Size range: 8-10 um long and 5-16 um wide.
Giardia Lamblia (Trophozoite)
Appearance: Bilaterally symmetrical
Giardia Lamblia (Trophozoite)
Size range:
- 8-17 um long
- 6-10 um wide
Shape:
- ovoid
Giardia lamblia (Cyst)
Stool examination
▪ flatus smell like rotten eggs: hydrogen sulfide
▪ Formed stool: cyst
▪ Liquid, soft stool: trophozoites
Gardia lamblia
Found world-wide in lakes, streams, and other water sources.
Giardia lamblia (Epidemiology)
Considered to be a non-pathogen.
Giardia lamblia (Clinical Symptoms)
This organism is now considered to be the only known pathogenic intestinal flagellates:
- Asymptomatic Carrier State
- Giardiasis ( Traveler’s Diarrhea / Gay bowel syndrome)
Giardia lamblia (Clinical Symptoms)
3 Treatments for Giardia lamblia
- Metronidazole
- Tinidazole
- Nitazoxanide
Other structure:
- undulating membrane
- extending half of body length
- prominent axostyle that often curves around nucleus
- granules maybe seen along axostyle
Trichomonas vaginalis (Trophozoite)
Sexual intercourse is the primary mode of transmission.
Trichomonas vaginalis
Known to be transferred via contaminated toilet articles or underclothing.
Trichomonas vaginalis
Asymptomatic Carrier state – most frequently in men.
Trichomonas vaginalis
Persistent Urethritis
Persistent Vaginitis - strawberry cervix
Trichomonas vaginalis
Infant infection: conjunctivitis, respiratory infection
Trichomonas vaginalis
Stool examination: trophozoites
Trichomonas hominis (Diagnosis)
Transmission mostly occurs by ingesting trophozoites.
Trichomonas hominis
Contaminated milk is one of the source of infection.
Trichomonas hominis
Clinical Symptoms is Asymtomatic
Trichomonas hominis
Diagnosis:
Specimen of choice is mouth scraping
Trichomonas tenax
The exact mode of transmission is unknown.
Trichomonas tenax
Epidemiology:
Some evidence suggesting that the use of contaminated dishes and utensils.
Trichomonas tenax
Epidemiology:
Introducing droplet contamination through kissing.
Trichomonas tenax
Has been known to invade the respiratory tract.
Trichomonas tenax
Traditional examination of freshly passed liquid stool.
Chilomastix mesnili
It is cosmopolitan in its distribution and prefers warm climate.
Chilomastix mesnili
This may occur primarily through hand-to-mouth contamination or via contaminated food or drink.
Chilomatix mesnili
First discovered by Wenyo
Dientamoeba fragilis
Described by Pepps and Dobell
Dientamoeba fragilis
Originally described as an ameba.
Dientamoeba fragilis
No cyst stage identified.
Dientamoeba fragilis
Co-infection with Enterobius vermicularis.
Dientamoeba fragilis
Differs from the amebic trophozoites
when mounted in water preparations.
Hakansson phenomenon — D. fragilis
Fixed stool with polyvinyl alcohol or Schaudinn’s fixative.
Dientamoeba fragilis
Molecular techniques: RT-PCR
Dientamoeba fragilis
It is transmitted via the eggs of helminth parasites such as Enterobius vermicularis and Ascaris lumbricoides.
Dientamoeba fragilis
Risk of contracting is homosexual men, those living in semi communal groups, and persons who are institutionalized.
Dientamoeba fragilis
Some species have rudimentary mouth called?
Cytostome
Neuromotor apparatus consists of [2]
- Kinetoplast
- Axoneme
2 Pathogenic
- Giardia Lamblia
- Trichomonas vaginalis
5 Non- Pathogenic
- Chilomastix mesnili
- Trichomonas hominis
- Trichomonas tenax
- Enteromonas hominis
- Retortamonas intestinalis