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Clinical Parasitology > Blood and Tissue Flagellates > Flashcards

Blood and Tissue Flagellates Flashcards

1
Q

Parasites which inhabits the tissue and the blood of human with the aid of vectors.

A

Hemoflagellates

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2
Q

[4] member species of Blood and Tissue Flagellates

A
  1. Leishmania spp.
  2. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
  3. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
  4. Trypanosoma cruzi
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3
Q

[3] Structural Parts of Hemoflagellates

A
  1. Blepharoplast
  2. Kinetoplast
  3. Undulating membrane
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4
Q

Basal body in certain flagellated protozoans that consists of a minute mass of chromatin embedded in the cytoplasm at the base of the flagellum.

[structural part]

A

Blepharoplast

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5
Q

A disk-shaped mass of circular DNAs inside a large mitochondrion that contains many copies of the mitochondrial genome.

[structural part]

A

Kinetoplast

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6
Q

a locomotory organelle of certain flagellate (trypanosome and trichomonad) parasites, consisting of a finlike extension of the limiting membrane with the flagellar sheath; wavelike rippling of the undulating membrane produces a characteristic movement.

[structural part]

A

Undulating membrane

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7
Q

[4] Stages of Development of Hemoflagellates

A
  1. Amastigote
  2. Promastigote
  3. Epimastigote
  4. Trypomastigote
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8
Q

Disease: Chagas disease or American Trypanosomiasis

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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9
Q

Found trypanosome on the intestine of a triatomid bug were the same parasite found in a child suffering from fever and enlargement of lymph nodes.

A

Carlos Chagas — Trypanosoma cruzi

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9
Q

Exhibits all four stage of development: amastigote, promastigote, epimastigote, trypomastigote.

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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9
Q

An intracellular parasite.

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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10
Q

5 Common names of Biological Vector

A
  1. Triatomine bugs
  2. Reduviid bugs
  3. Assassin bugs
  4. Conenose bugs
  5. Kissing bugs
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11
Q

3 Genera of Biological Vector

A
  1. Triatoma
  2. Rhodnius
  3. Panstrongylus
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12
Q

[4] Mode of Transmission — Trypanosoma cruzi

A
  1. Vector
  2. Transfusion
  3. Congenital
  4. Accidental
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13
Q

Natural transmission by triatomine bugs through blood meal/contamination with infected feces.

[Mode of Transmission — Trypanosoma cruzi]

A

Vector

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14
Q

A prevalent mode of transmission in urban area. Gentian violet (24hr) eliminates parasite in blood.

[Mode of Transmission — Trypanosoma cruzi]

A

Transfusion

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15
Q

Occurs during any stage of T. cruzi infection. Can result in premature labor, abortion or neonatal defects.

[Mode of Transmission — Trypanosoma cruzi]

A

Congenital

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16
Q

Ingestion of food contaminated with metacyclic trypomastigotes.

[Mode of Transmission — Trypanosoma cruzi]

A

Accidental

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17
Q

2 types of Biologic Vector

A
  1. Salivarian
  2. Stercoralian
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18
Q

transmission via mouth parts.

[biologic vector]

A

Salivarian

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19
Q

very efficient.

[biologic vector]

A

Salivarian

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20
Q

infection rate in vector is low.

[biologic vector]

A

Salivarian

21
Q

hind gut station: acquired from feces or eating the vector.

[biologic vector]

A

Stercoralian

22
Q

inefficient

[biologic vector]

A

Stercoralian

23
infection rate [biologic vector]
Stercoralian
24
[3] Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi
1. Acute phase 2. Indeterminate phase 3. Chronic phase
25
active infection. [Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi]
Acute phase
26
1-4 months duration. [Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi]
Acute phase
27
most are asymptomatic (children most likely to be symptomatic). [Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi]
Acute phase
28
10-30 years of latency [Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi]
Indeterminate phase
29
relatively asymptomatic with no detectable parasitemia- seropositive. [Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi]
Indeterminate phase
30
10-30% of infected exhibit cardio-myopathy or megasyndromes. [Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi]
Chronic phase
31
1-2 week incubation period.
Acute phase features
32
[2] sign of Acute phase features
1. Romaña’s sign 2. Chagoma
33
edema of the eyelid and conjunctiva. [sign of apf]
Romaña’s sign
34
inflammation at the site of inoculation. [sign of apf]
Chagoma
35
symptoms can include: fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, nausea, diarrhea.
Acute phase features
36
acute, often fatal, myocarditis develops in a few individuals o high parasitemias in myofibrils.
Acute phase features
37
Long latency characterized by seropositivity and no parasitemia.
Chronic Chagas' Cardiomyopathy
38
Higher prevalence of ECG abnormalities in asymptomatic seropositive persons.
Chronic Chagas' Cardiomyopathy
39
progressive development of abnormalities.
Chronic Chargas' Cardiomyopathy
40
[2] progressive development of abnormalities.
1. right bundle branch block 2. left anterior hemiblock
41
cardiomegaly.
Pathology — Trypanosoma cruzi
42
apical aneurysm (left ventricle).
Pathology — Trypanosoma cruzi
43
extensive fibrosis.
Pathology — Trypanosoma cruzi
44
hypertrophy
Pathology — Trypanosoma cruzi
45
Pseudocyst in a section of heart muscle.
Amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi
46
Note necrosis in upper right corner.
Amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi
47
history of living in infested house.
Diagnosis — Trypanosoma cruzi
48
bug bite, chagoma, Romaña's sign.
Diagnosis — Trypanosoma cruzi
49
Allow triatomine bugs to feed on patient and look 10-30 days later for flagellates.
Xenodiagnosis — Trypanosoma cruzi
50
Winterbottom’s sign (enlarged, non-tender posterior cervical lymph nodes with a consistency of ripe plums.
Gambian trypanosomiasis — Trypanosoma cruzi
51
After recovery of Leishmania Donovani, it might produce a condition called ______ that resembles histioid type of leprosy.
Post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis [PKDL]

Clinical Parasitology (19 decks)

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