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Clinical Parasitology > Blood and Tissue Flagellates > Flashcards

Blood and Tissue Flagellates Flashcards

1
Q

Parasites which inhabits the tissue and the blood of human with the aid of vectors.

A

Hemoflagellates

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2
Q

[4] member species of Blood and Tissue Flagellates

A
  1. Leishmania spp.
  2. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
  3. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
  4. Trypanosoma cruzi
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3
Q

[3] Structural Parts of Hemoflagellates

A
  1. Blepharoplast
  2. Kinetoplast
  3. Undulating membrane
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4
Q

Basal body in certain flagellated protozoans that consists of a minute mass of chromatin embedded in the cytoplasm at the base of the flagellum.

[structural part]

A

Blepharoplast

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5
Q

A disk-shaped mass of circular DNAs inside a large mitochondrion that contains many copies of the mitochondrial genome.

[structural part]

A

Kinetoplast

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6
Q

a locomotory organelle of certain flagellate (trypanosome and trichomonad) parasites, consisting of a finlike extension of the limiting membrane with the flagellar sheath; wavelike rippling of the undulating membrane produces a characteristic movement.

[structural part]

A

Undulating membrane

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7
Q

[4] Stages of Development of Hemoflagellates

A
  1. Amastigote
  2. Promastigote
  3. Epimastigote
  4. Trypomastigote
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8
Q

Disease: Chagas disease or American Trypanosomiasis

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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9
Q

Found trypanosome on the intestine of a triatomid bug were the same parasite found in a child suffering from fever and enlargement of lymph nodes.

A

Carlos Chagas — Trypanosoma cruzi

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9
Q

Exhibits all four stage of development: amastigote, promastigote, epimastigote, trypomastigote.

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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9
Q

An intracellular parasite.

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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10
Q

5 Common names of Biological Vector

A
  1. Triatomine bugs
  2. Reduviid bugs
  3. Assassin bugs
  4. Conenose bugs
  5. Kissing bugs
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11
Q

3 Genera of Biological Vector

A
  1. Triatoma
  2. Rhodnius
  3. Panstrongylus
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12
Q

[4] Mode of Transmission — Trypanosoma cruzi

A
  1. Vector
  2. Transfusion
  3. Congenital
  4. Accidental
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13
Q

Natural transmission by triatomine bugs through blood meal/contamination with infected feces.

[Mode of Transmission — Trypanosoma cruzi]

A

Vector

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14
Q

A prevalent mode of transmission in urban area. Gentian violet (24hr) eliminates parasite in blood.

[Mode of Transmission — Trypanosoma cruzi]

A

Transfusion

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15
Q

Occurs during any stage of T. cruzi infection. Can result in premature labor, abortion or neonatal defects.

[Mode of Transmission — Trypanosoma cruzi]

A

Congenital

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16
Q

Ingestion of food contaminated with metacyclic trypomastigotes.

[Mode of Transmission — Trypanosoma cruzi]

A

Accidental

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17
Q

2 types of Biologic Vector

A
  1. Salivarian
  2. Stercoralian
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18
Q

transmission via mouth parts.

[biologic vector]

A

Salivarian

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19
Q

very efficient.

[biologic vector]

A

Salivarian

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20
Q

infection rate in vector is low.

[biologic vector]

A

Salivarian

21
Q

hind gut station: acquired from feces or eating the vector.

[biologic vector]

A

Stercoralian

22
Q

inefficient

[biologic vector]

A

Stercoralian

23
Q

infection rate

[biologic vector]

A

Stercoralian

24
Q

[3] Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi

A
  1. Acute phase
  2. Indeterminate phase
  3. Chronic phase
25
Q

active infection.

[Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi]

A

Acute phase

26
Q

1-4 months duration.

[Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi]

A

Acute phase

27
Q

most are asymptomatic (children most likely to be symptomatic).

[Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi]

A

Acute phase

28
Q

10-30 years of latency

[Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi]

A

Indeterminate phase

29
Q

relatively asymptomatic with no detectable parasitemia- seropositive.

[Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi]

A

Indeterminate phase

30
Q

10-30% of infected exhibit cardio-myopathy or megasyndromes.

[Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi]

A

Chronic phase

31
Q

1-2 week incubation period.

A

Acute phase features

32
Q

[2] sign of Acute phase features

A
  1. Romaña’s sign
  2. Chagoma
33
Q

edema of the eyelid and conjunctiva.

[sign of apf]

A

Romaña’s sign

34
Q

inflammation at the site of inoculation.

[sign of apf]

A

Chagoma

35
Q

symptoms can include: fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, nausea, diarrhea.

A

Acute phase features

36
Q

acute, often fatal, myocarditis develops in a few individuals o high parasitemias in myofibrils.

A

Acute phase features

37
Q

Long latency characterized by seropositivity and no parasitemia.

A

Chronic Chagas’ Cardiomyopathy

38
Q

Higher prevalence of ECG abnormalities in asymptomatic seropositive persons.

A

Chronic Chagas’ Cardiomyopathy

39
Q

progressive development of abnormalities.

A

Chronic Chargas’ Cardiomyopathy

40
Q

[2] progressive development of abnormalities.

A
  1. right bundle branch block
  2. left anterior hemiblock
41
Q

cardiomegaly.

A

Pathology — Trypanosoma cruzi

42
Q

apical aneurysm (left ventricle).

A

Pathology — Trypanosoma cruzi

43
Q

extensive fibrosis.

A

Pathology — Trypanosoma cruzi

44
Q

hypertrophy

A

Pathology — Trypanosoma cruzi

45
Q

Pseudocyst in a section of heart muscle.

A

Amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi

46
Q

Note necrosis in upper right corner.

A

Amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi

47
Q

history of living in infested house.

A

Diagnosis — Trypanosoma cruzi

48
Q

bug bite, chagoma, Romaña’s sign.

A

Diagnosis — Trypanosoma cruzi

49
Q

Allow triatomine bugs to feed on patient and look 10-30 days later for flagellates.

A

Xenodiagnosis — Trypanosoma cruzi

50
Q

Winterbottom’s sign (enlarged, non-tender posterior cervical lymph nodes with a consistency of ripe plums.

A

Gambian trypanosomiasis — Trypanosoma cruzi

51
Q

After recovery of Leishmania Donovani, it might produce a condition called ______ that resembles histioid type of leprosy.

A

Post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis [PKDL]

Clinical Parasitology (19 decks)

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