Blood and tissue nematodes I Flashcards
Lays eggs in unsegmented stage (unembryonated).
Oviparous
Lays eggs in segmented stage (embryonated).
Ovoviviparous
larva
Viviparous
The time and day whereby blood contains
abundant number of micrifilariae, as compared to other hours.
Periodicity
occurring at night.
[periodicity]
nocturnal
occurring during the day.
[periodicty]
diurnal
timing of occurrences not clear-cut.
[periodicity]
subperiodic
Presence or absence of a delicate transparent covering known as a?
sheath
[2] Morphological forms
- Adult worms
- Larvae/Microfilarae
Appear creamy white and assume a threadlike appearance.
[morphological forms]
Adult worms
Males may measure from 20 to 500 mm in length, which is often half that of typical adult females.
[morphological form]
Adult worms
Common name of Wuchereria Bancrofti
Bancroft’s Filaria
Nocturnal periodicity: peak hour of specimen collection are between 9:00 pm to 4:00 am.
Wuchereria Bancrofti
Stimulates microfilariae to come out even during daytime.
Diethylcarbamizine
Detection of Circulating Filarial Antigen (CFA)
Wuchereria Bancrofti
[3] Vector of Wuchereria Bancrofti
- Aedes
- Culex
- Anopheles
May be found in the subtropical and tropical areas of the world including the philippines.
W. bancrofti
Common name of Brugia Malayi
Malayan Filariasis, Malayan Filarial Worm
Disease associated in Brugia Malayi
Malayan Filariasis, Elephantiasis
Nocturnal/Subperiodic periodicity
Brugia Malayi
Areas of the world in which the mosquitoes breed are the primary locations in which this filariae may be found including philippines.
Brugia Malayi
Although humans are considered to be the primary definite host, it is also known to infect felines and monkeys.
Brugia Malayi
[3] Transmitted by the mosquito in Brugia Malayi
- Mansonia sp.
- Anopheles
- Aedes
Fevers may take months to years to develop after initial infection.
Brugia Malayi
Elephantiasis of the legs.
Brugia Malayi
Treatment for this is similar to that for W. bancrofti.
Brugia Malayi
Most useful medication is Diethylcarbamazine (DEC).
Brugia Malayi
Common name of Loa Loa
African eye worm
Oculi Humanis
Disease associated in Loa Loa
Loaisis
Diurnal periodicity: collection is done during the midday hours between 10:15 am to 2:15 pm.
Loa Loa
The migrating adult worms may be extracted from a variety of body location including the eye.
Loa loa
Human infection of Loa loa is initiated by the bite of an infected Chrysops fly, Tabanid, mango fly.
Loa loa
Eosinophilia and calabar or transient subcutaneous swelling.
Loa loa
Adult worms multiply throughout the subcutaneous tissues.
Loa loa
The microfilariae are present in the blood but not until years after the initial infection making the diagnosis more difficult.
Loa loa
The endemic regions of infection correlate with the areas where the vector flourishes.
Loa loa
After initial bite, individuals infected with Loa loa may experience pruritis and localized pain.
Loa loa
Adult worms may only be noticeable when seen migrating under the conjunctiva of the eye or crossing under the skin of the bridge of nose.
Loa loa
Common name of Onchocerca Volvulus
Blinding Convulated Worm
Disease associated in Onchocerca Volvulus
River blindness, Onchocerciasis
skin nips
Onchocerca Volvulus
Organisms residing in the eye are best seen by opthalmologic examination using slit lamp.
Onchocerca volvulus
Presence of Eosinophilia and ocular discomfort.
Onchocerca volvulus
Vector: Simulium or Black fly
Onchocerca volvulus
It is distributed primarily in equatorial Africa and central america.
O. volvulus
When eye becomes involved , lesions may lead to blindness.
Onchocerca volvulus
Specimen choice for the recovery of Loa loa microfilarae?
Giemsa-stained blood
Chrysops fly inhabits africa especially the rainforest belt region.
Loa loa
Bacterial infection with streptococcus may occur.
Wuchereria bancrofti
Adenolymphagitis/Dermatolymphagioadenitis: formation of granulomatous lesions following microfilarial invasion into lymphatics, chills, lymphadenopathy, lymphangitis, and eosinophilia.
Wuchereria bancrofti
Formation of granulomatous lesions following microfilarial invasion into lymphatics, chills, lymphadenopathy, lymphangitis, and eosinophilia.
Adenolymphagitis/ Dermatolymphagioadenitis
Elephantiasis or swelling of the lower extremities especially the legs develop due to obstruction of the lymphatics.
Wuchereria bancrofti
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE)
Wuchereria bancrofti
TPE means?
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia
Hydrocoele/Chylocoele: obstruction of lymphatics of the tunica vaginalis
Wuchereria bancrofti
Obstruction of lymphatics of the tunica vaginalis.
Hydrocoele/Chylocoele
Milky urine: rupture of lymphatics
Wuchereria bancrofti
rupture of lymphatics.
Milky urine
On the death of the adult worms, calcification or formation of abscess may occur.
Wuchereria bancrofti
Infection of this type are self-limiting because the adult worms eventually die and there are no signs of microfilariae being present. A patient may undergo the entire process and not even know it.
Aymptomatic
heparinized blood
Nuclepore filter
