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Clinical Parasitology > Protozoans > Flashcards

Protozoans Flashcards

1
Q

Known for its ameboid characteristics, equipped with the ability to extend their cytoplasm in the form of pseudopods (often referred to as false feet), which allows them move within their environment.

A

Amoeba

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2
Q

They represent the important amoeba in humans. (3)

A

Entamoeba, Naegleria, and Acanthamoeba

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3
Q

6 species of the genus Entamoeba are capable of infecting man.

A
  1. Entamoeba coli
  2. Entamoeba hartmanni
  3. Entamoeba dispar
  4. Entamoeba moshkovskii
  5. Entamoeba gingivalis
  6. Entamoeba hystolitica
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4
Q

Entamoeba that is only pathogenic.

A

Entamoeba hystolitica

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5
Q

Entamoeba that is a zoonotic protozoan of pigs and monkey.

A

Entamoeba polecki

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6
Q

It is known to be commensals in humans.

A

Entamoeba polecki

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7
Q

Infections are asymptomatic and seldomly cause diarrhea.

A

E.polecki

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8
Q

These are free living protozoans found mainly in fresh water.

A

Naegleria and Acanthamoeba

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9
Q

Characteristically delicate and fragile and, because of their ability to produce and use pseudopods, motile.

A

Trophozoite

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10
Q

The morphologic conversion from the cyst form into the trophozoite form, occurs in the ileocecal area of the intestine.

A

Excystation

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11
Q

It only occurs in the trophozoite stage.

A

Replication — Trophozoite

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12
Q

The nonfeeding stage characterized by a thick protective cell wall designed to protect the parasite from the harsh outside environment when deemed necessary.

A

Cysts

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13
Q

The conversion of trophozoites to cysts, a process known as?

A

Encystation

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14
Q

It is frequently affecting invertebrate and vertebrate organisms.

A

Genus Entamoeba

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15
Q

Characterized by vesicular nucleus with a comparatively small karyosome located at or near its center and with varying characteristics of the peripheral chromatin attached to the nuclear membrane.

A

Genus Entamoeba

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16
Q

It is considered to be the “small race” of E. histolytica because of its size.

A

E.hartmanni

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17
Q

They are morphologically similar and can only be differentiated by isoenzyme analysis, restriction fragment length polymorphism, typing with monoclonal antibodies, and polymerase chain reaction. [3]

A

E. dispar
E. moshkovskii
E. histolytica

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18
Q

All entamoeba are lumen-dwelling protozoans except.

A

E. gingivalis

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19
Q

All entamoeba are non-pathogenic except.

A

E. histolytica

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20
Q

Cystic stage is the infective stage except.

A

E. gingivalis

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21
Q

First described by a young russian peasant named Losch, from a patient with a diarrheic stool.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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22
Q

Reserved for those who actually have dysentery, or blood and mucus in the stools.

A

Amebic dysentery

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23
Q

A term that can be used to denote any symptomatic intestinal infection.

A

Amebic colitis

24
Q

Size 16-60 um in diameter.

A

Entamoeba histolytica — Morphological Characteristics: Trophozoite

25
Q

Motility: active and rapid; progressive and unidirectional; pseudopodia

A

Entamoeba histolytica — Morphological Characteristics: Trophozoite

26
Q

Permanent stains such as trichrome or iron hematoxylin.

A

Entamoeba histolytica — Morphological Characteristics: Trophozoite

27
Q

It has a spherical nucleus with a distinct nuclear membrane lined with chromatin granules and a small karyosome found near the center of the nucleus. Trophozoites usually have only one nucleus.

A

Genus Entamoeba

28
Q

It has a vesicular nucleus with a relatively large, irregularly-shaped karyosome anchored to the nucleus by a achromatic fibrils.

A

Genus Endolimax

29
Q

It is characterized by a large, chromatin-rich karyosome surrounded by a layer of achromatic globules and anchored to the nuclear membrane by achromatic fibrils.

A

Genus Iodamoeba

30
Q

Originally proposed by Emile Brumpt in 1925

A

Entamoeba dispar & Entamoeba moshkovskii

31
Q

It seem capable of causing focal intestinal lesions in experimental animals such as kittens, gerbils, and guimea pigs.

A

E. dispar

32
Q

This entamoeba does not cause symptomatic disease, nor does it elicit the production of serum antibodies.

A

E. dispar

33
Q

This entamoeba is approximately nine times more prevalent that E. histolytica, and together they infect about 10% of world’s population.

A

E. dispar

34
Q

Entameoba that has now attained general acceptance as the name for the amebae formerly designated as “small race” E. histolytica.

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

35
Q

It is cosmopolitan in distribution, and is considerably more common than other human amebae.

A

Entamoeba coli

36
Q

First reported as an intestinal parasite of pigs and monkeys. E.polecki has been found occasionally in humans.

A

Entamoeba polecki

37
Q

It is often found in pyorrheal pockets between the teeth and gyms and in tonsillar crypts.

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

38
Q

Existing as a scavenger. Trophozoites feed on disintegrated cells and multiply by binary fission.

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

39
Q

It is found in all populations that have been studied for its presence.

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

40
Q

The infections of this entamoeba are contracted via mouth-to-mouth (kissing) and droplet contamination, which may be transmitted through contaminated drinking utensils.

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

41
Q

It receives its generic name from the characteristics glycogen vacuoles of the cyst stage, which are so prominent that in iodine stains the cysts seem to contain little else.

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

42
Q

The most common of the smaller intestinal amebae, Endolimax is usually encountered with about the same frequency as is E.coli.

A

Endolimax nana

43
Q

It is found primarily in warm, moist regions of the world, as well as other areas in which poor hygiene and substandard sanitary condition exist.

A

Endolimax nana

44
Q

Forms ion channels in the phagocytized bacteria and eukaryotic cells.

A

Amebapore

45
Q

Trophozoites of a virulent strain of E. histolytica

A

Cytophagocytosis

46
Q

Third most important parasitic disease.

A

Amebiasis

47
Q

This ameba is found only in select areas of the world, with the highest prevalence occurring in Papua, New Guinea.

A

Entamoeba polecki

48
Q

The most common of the smaller intestinal amebae.

A

Endolimax nana

49
Q

It is usually encountered with about the same frequency as is E.coli.

A

Endolimax nana

50
Q

Trophozoite with ingested RBCs are properly termed as?

A

Hematophogus

51
Q

Red blood cells (RBCs) in the cytoplasm are considered diagnostic for?

A

E. histolytica

52
Q

Recognized by the presence of a hyaline cyst wall.

A

Amoeba

53
Q

Highly refractile in unstained preparations.

A

Amoeba

54
Q

Excystation happens in the small intestine.

A

Amoeba

55
Q

Human to human as well as pic to human are the major routes of parasite transmission.

A

Entamoeba polecki

56
Q

A two combination that successfully treated patients with E. polecki

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Diloxanide furoate (Furamide)

57
Q

Known as an ameboma, develops most frequently in the cecal or rectosigmoid region.

A

Chronic granulomatous lesion

Clinical Parasitology (4 decks)

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