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treatment of psych disorders Flashcards

1
Q

First belief of mental disorders

treatment

A

Humans were obsessed by spirits and demons and the there something wrong with the brain or it was disconnected from the body.

Trephining - Making holes in the human skull to allow evil spirits to escape

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2
Q

Second (biological) belief for disorders

A

Imbalances in the 4 humors of the body.

Blood
yellow bile
black bile
phlegm

given by hippocrates

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3
Q

Middle age belief of disorders

A

They went back to demonology and hunted them down

‘witch hunt’

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4
Q

Renaissance belief

A

First time they considered interpersonal changes as causes of disorders.

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5
Q

Enlightenment age

2 important reformers

A

Philippe Pinel
Dorotha Dix

Started being more scientific and logical.

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6
Q

What happened in the 1950s

A

Deinstitutionalization - people with disorders shouldn’t be in asylums, instead they should be with their families and community, who should all support them.

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7
Q

What is the current stage of belief of disorders

What is the name

A

Bio-psycho-social stage

Considers all factors of a mental disorders

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8
Q

What are the prevention efforts in the US

A

Primary - reduce any incidence of societal problems such as joblessness, homelessness, etc which could give rise to mental disorders

Secondary - Help specific ‘at-risk’ people for eg people who live in a region that has exp’d a natural disaster

Tertiary - prevent disorders from getting worse

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9
Q

What is symptom substitution

What school of thought

A

Psychoanalytical

After a psychological disorder is resolved, patients will experience another one via a diff symptom.

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10
Q

Psychoanalytical

Overarching treatment name
Overarching Treatment objective
types of therapy under the main treatment
why those are used

A

Insight therapy - want to delve into the unconscious mind and the latent content of the mind.

Types:
Free association - speak whatever comes to mind uncensored. Used to make ego drop its guard and then therapist can see the id.

Dream analysis - Patient’s dreams and interpreted by therapists since dreams are a roadmap to the unconscious.

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11
Q

What is resistance (psychoanalysis)

some ways resistance can manifest itself

A

Objections of the client towards the therapist’s interpretations. Usually more resistance = therapist is getting closer to the root problem.

Changing the topic
Cancelling sessions
coming late to sessions.

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12
Q

What is confrontation

What is clarification

A

Confrontation - Working through the resistance

Clarification - make sure the therapist and client are on the same page.

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13
Q

What is transference

is it good/bad and why

A

Displacing the strong feelings of someone else onto the therapist

Usually good since it gives an insight into the unconscious feelings.

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14
Q

What is counter-transference

good/bad and why

A

Therapist project their feelings onto the clients.

Its bad since it can cloud judgement and could cause bias in interpretations.

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15
Q

What is the termination phase of insight therapy

A

Sessions that help client dethatch from therapy and the therapist.

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16
Q

What is the cause of disorders in psychanalytical

A

Intrapsychic conflicts

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17
Q

Nature of client and therapist in psychoanalytical

A

Therapist understand the client better than the client themselves.

They interpret client’s thoughts and feelings.

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18
Q

Chief benefit for the client (psychanalytical)

A

Emotional insight.

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19
Q

Duration of psychoanalytical treatment

A

Several years, at least 10 to 15 sessions.

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20
Q

How did cause come into existence for psychoanalytical

A

Unfulfilled desires of childhood and unresolved childhood fears.

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21
Q

Cause that led to the problem in HUMANISTIC

therapy used

A

Questions about meaning of one’s life and existence \

Client centered therapy
Gestalt therapy
Logotherapy

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22
Q

How did cause come into existence for HUMANISTIC

A

Existential therapy places importance on present. It is the current feelings of loneliness, alienation, sense of futility of one’s existence cause psychological problems.

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23
Q

Explain the therapies in Humansitc

A

Logo - Therapist emphasizes the unique nature of patient’s life and encourage them to find meaning in their life.

Client centered - helps the client understand ‘self’ better and reduce discrepancy between real and ideal self by reflection of their feelings non-judgmentally.
Increase self -awareness and acceptance.

Gestalt therapy - Get in touch with whole self and understanding all thoughts, feelings, etc. Encourage the client to act out their fantasies

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24
Q

Nature of the therapeutic relationship between the client and therapist (humanistic)

A

Therapy play a passive role and only provide a warm, empathetic relationship with unconditional positive regard.

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25
How to provide unconditional positive regard
Active listening - Use clarification and make the client feel like they are understood. \ Paraphrasing - Keep paraphrasing what client says to make sure that they are on the same page and make them feel like they are being understood. Mirroring - Mirror back feelings of client which allows them to understand and label their own feelings.
26
Who gave the diff humanistic therapies client centered Gestalt Existential/logo therapy
Client centered - Carl rogers Gestalt -Laura and Fritz Perls Existential - Victor Frankl
27
Chief benefit to the client - humanistic
Personal growth- gaining increasing understanding of oneself and one’s aspirations, emotions and motives
28
What is the cause to disorders (Behavioral)
Faulty learning of the behaviours
29
How did the cause come into existance
Faulty conditioning patterns/faulty learning
30
Chief methods of treatment (Behavioral)
Reinforcements - Positive or negative to increase the occurrence of a behavior Token economy - give a token every time desirable behavior occurs and later exchange tokens with a reward Systemic desensitization Counter conditioning Modeling - imitating an ideal behaviour of an model
31
What is counter conditioning | who gave it
Mary Cover Jones Unpleasant conditioned response is replaced by a pleasant one. Pair something unpleasant with something that's pleasant.
32
What is systematic desensitization Who gave it what is it primarily used for What are the 2 types, meanings and what is more effective
Toseph Wolpes Treatment of phobias goal and steps: teach client relaxation Draw up an anxiety hierarchy - chart with events from least anxiety provoking to most anxiety provoking. Keep working up the anxiety provoking levels and teaching the client relaxation. 2 types: in-vivo - in reality - More effective and causes more anxiety. Covert - imagination or stimulation
33
What is flooding
similar to systematic desensitization except you expose the client to the most anxiety provoking situation instantly hoping to show them that their fear is irrational.
34
Chief benefit to the client (behavioral)
Learning adaptive behaviors
35
Duration of the treatment (behavioral)
Short duration- Few months
36
Cause that led to the problem (cognitive)
Faulty- irrational thoughts/cognitions
37
How did the cause come into existence
Faulty thinking and beliefs
38
Chief method of treatment (cognitive)
Cognitive Therapy | Rational Emotive therapy
39
What is the cognitive therapy (chief method of treatment for cognitive) who gave it what is a core schema
Aaron Beed core schemas formed from negative childhood experiences- lead to negative automatic thoughts characterized by distorted cognitions/thoughts Core schema - Fixed ideas/beliefs about a certain thing/self
40
What is the goal of cognitive therapy
Cognitive restructuring - challenging dysfunctional negative thoughts.
41
What is RET (Cognitive) who gave it what is ABC analysis explain each component
Rational Emotive Therapy Albert Elis antecedent + Beliefs + consequences. Antecedent = what happened before problem is sorted which triggers everything. Belief = What are the beliefs and distorted thoughts after the event. Usually irrational or faulty. Consequence = Other actions such anxiety depression, etc.
42
What is non directive questioning
Make patients rethink/reconsider beliefs by asking questions that challenge faulty thoughts.
43
What is REBT | who gave it
RET + Behavior Albert ellis Talking + HW and tasks assigned by therapist
44
What is a self help group
Groups where there is no therapist present but individuals help each other.
45
What is somatic therapy
Psychosurgery - remove the part of the brain where there is a problem
46
What is prefrontal lobotomy
Remove the prefrontal love which leaves people in a vegetative state.
47
Nature of the therapeutic relationship between the client and therapist - cognitive
Therapist is able to discern the faulty thinking and replace with healthy thinking which would be adaptive for the client.
48
Chief benefit to the client - cognitive
Adopting healthy thinking patterns
49
What are psychotropics 3 types
Antipsychotics Antidepressants Anxiolytics
50
``` What are antipsychotics 3 common ones what do they do how do they do it side effects ```
Clozapine, Thorazine, Haldol Reduce symptom's of schizophrenia Blocks the neutral receptors for dopamine
51
What are the 3 types of antidepressans
MAO Tricylics SSRIs
52
What is an SSRI What is reuptake goal of ssri
Selective serotonin reuptake Inhibitors Reduce the amount of serotonin destroyed in the brain Reuptake - when presynaptic neuron take the neurotransmitter back or destroys it.
53
``` What is a Mao inhibitor full form What does it do what does it block How often is it used ```
Monoamine oxidase Increase amount of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain Block the monoamine oxidase which is responsible for the break own of neurotransmitters Rarely used since its toxic and requires a lot of dietary changes.
54
What are tricyclics
Nopramn, Amitriptyline, imipramine Increase serotonin and norepinephrine.
55
What are anxiolytics
Relax the body and slow down the central nervous system to reduce anxiety
56
What is Electro Convulsive Therapy when is it used side effects for what is it used to treat
Stimulate neurons in the brain to get them going by passing electric shocks. Rarely used for severe cases Can cause seizures and temp amnesia Treats severe depression, suicidal tendencies.
57
What is the new therapy that is similar to ECT
RTMS - Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Pass magnetic waves which is safer
58
What is lithium carbonate
Treats bipolar disorder | helps balancing mood
59
What is electic therapy
Use the best and most ideal method of therapy from any school of thought
60
Who are psychiatrists
Medical doctors that can prescribe medicine
61
Who are clinical psychologists
Can't prescribe medicine but can diagnose the patient.

AP psychology (16 decks)

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