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AP psychology > testing and individual differences + intelligence > Flashcards

testing and individual differences + intelligence Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 6 types of tests

A 
aptitude
achievement 
speed
power
group
individual
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2
Q

what are the 2 types of intelligence

A

fluid

crystallized

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3
Q

what are aptitude tests

A

measures abilities and/or potential

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4
Q

what are achievement tests

A

measures what one has learned or accomplished

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5
Q

what are speed tests

A

large number of questions asked in a short period of time

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6
Q

what are power tests

A

used to gauge the level of difficulty of problems an individual can solve
difficulty of questions gradually increases

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7
Q

what are group tests

A

tests that are administered to a large number of people at a time

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8
Q

what are individual tests

A

tests administered to a single person. Interaction between examiner and examinee is high. Examiner will address how the student analyses questions.

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9
Q

what is fluid intelligence

A

fluid intelligence refers to:
our ability to solve abstract problems
our ability to pick up new information
our ability to learn a new skill

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10
Q

what is crystallised intelligence

A

involves using knowledge accumulated over time

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11
Q

which type of intelligence increases with age and which decreases with age

A

fluid intelligence seems to decrease as people age

while crystallised increases with age as people gain more information and become wiser

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12
Q

what is the uni factor theory

A

states all people have a common ability which is intelligence which helps us to solve problems

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13
Q

what is the 2 factor theory given by Charles Spearman

A
  • S: specific abilities which help us to solve certain problems differs from person to person
  • G: general abilities which help us to solve general problems
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14
Q

who gave the multiple intelligences theory

A

Howard Gardner

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15
Q

what is linguistic intelligence

A

the ability to understand and use spoken and written language

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16
Q

what is logical-mathematical intelligence

A

ability to analyse problems logically, carry out mathematical operations, and investigate issues scientifically.

17
Q

what is spatial intelligence

A

ability or mental skill to solve spatial problems of navigation.
visualisation of objects from different angles and space, faces and recognition
ability to notice fine details

18
Q

what is musical intelligence

A

ability to play an instrument or compose a symphony

eg someone like mozart

19
Q

what is bodily-kinesthetic intelligence

A

Ability to control one’s body movements and to handle objects skilfully
eg athlete, dancer, hunter

20
Q

what is intrapersonal intelligence

A

ability to understand oneself (yourself) very well

21
Q

what is interpersonal intelligence

A

ability to get along with others and understand others

22
Q

what is naturalist intelligence

A

ability to recognise and organise things in their natural environment
eg a biologist has high naturalistic intelligence

23
Q

what is the triarchic theory by robert sternberg

A

-componential or analytic intelligence
reflective skills and reflecting intelligence (compare, contrast and analyzation skills)
-experiential skills or creative skills
People’s ability to use their knowledge and experiences in new and innovative ways
-contextual or practical intelligence
“street smart” able to apply what they know to real-world scenarios

24
Q

what is thurstone’s theory

A 
1) verbal comprehension
grasping meanings of words, concepts and ideas
2) numerical abilities
speed and accuracy in numerical and computational 
3) spatial relations
visualising patterns and forms
4) perceptual speed
speed in perceiving detail
5) fluency
6) memory
accuracy in recalling info
7) inductive reasoning
deriving general rules from presented facts
25
Q

what is the Arthur Jensen theory

A

Hierarchical model of intelligence consisting of abilities

26
Q

what is level 1 of the Arthur Jensen theory

A 
Level 1
Associative learning (rote learning)
27
Q

what is level 2 of the Arthur Jensen

A

Level 2
cognitive competence involves high-order skills as they transform the input to create an effective output
(ability to solve problems)

28
Q

what is split-half reliability

A

involves randomly dividing a test into two different sections and then correlating people’s performances on the two halves.

29
Q

what is equivalent-form reliability

A

An equivalent form is an alternate form of a test with the same psychometric properties as the original.

30
Q

what is the test-retest reliability

A

the consistency of results when you repeat the same test on the same sample at a different point in time.

31
Q

what is the reliability of a test

A

Reliability refers to the repeatability or consistency of the test as a means of measurement.

32
Q

what is the validity

A

A test is valid when it measures what it is supposed to measure.

33
Q

what is face validity

A

Face validity refers to a superficial measure of accuracy

34
Q

what is content validity

A

Content validity refers to how well a measure reflects the entire range of material it is supposed to be testing.

35
Q

what are the two types of criterion-related validity

A

concurrent validity
measures how much of a characteristic a person has now
predictive validity
is a measure of future performance

36
Q

what is construct validity

A

these tests are usually backed up by a theory, the higher the correlation between the theory and the questions the more accurate.

37
Q

relation between validity and reliability

A

test cannot be valid if not reliable

test can be reliable without being valid

38
Q

what is a standardisation sample

A

are things needed to be kept standard when making a test (time, no of questions etc.)
reliability is linked to standardization

39
Q

what are norms

A

all criteria on which the test has been based

AP psychology (16 decks)

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