testing and individual differences + intelligence Flashcards
what are the 6 types of tests
aptitude achievement speed power group individual
what are the 2 types of intelligence
fluid
crystallized
what are aptitude tests
measures abilities and/or potential
what are achievement tests
measures what one has learned or accomplished
what are speed tests
large number of questions asked in a short period of time
what are power tests
used to gauge the level of difficulty of problems an individual can solve
difficulty of questions gradually increases
what are group tests
tests that are administered to a large number of people at a time
what are individual tests
tests administered to a single person. Interaction between examiner and examinee is high. Examiner will address how the student analyses questions.
what is fluid intelligence
fluid intelligence refers to:
our ability to solve abstract problems
our ability to pick up new information
our ability to learn a new skill
what is crystallised intelligence
involves using knowledge accumulated over time
which type of intelligence increases with age and which decreases with age
fluid intelligence seems to decrease as people age
while crystallised increases with age as people gain more information and become wiser
what is the uni factor theory
states all people have a common ability which is intelligence which helps us to solve problems
what is the 2 factor theory given by Charles Spearman
- S: specific abilities which help us to solve certain problems differs from person to person
- G: general abilities which help us to solve general problems
who gave the multiple intelligences theory
Howard Gardner
what is linguistic intelligence
the ability to understand and use spoken and written language
what is logical-mathematical intelligence
ability to analyse problems logically, carry out mathematical operations, and investigate issues scientifically.
what is spatial intelligence
ability or mental skill to solve spatial problems of navigation.
visualisation of objects from different angles and space, faces and recognition
ability to notice fine details
what is musical intelligence
ability to play an instrument or compose a symphony
eg someone like mozart
what is bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
Ability to control one’s body movements and to handle objects skilfully
eg athlete, dancer, hunter
what is intrapersonal intelligence
ability to understand oneself (yourself) very well
what is interpersonal intelligence
ability to get along with others and understand others
what is naturalist intelligence
ability to recognise and organise things in their natural environment
eg a biologist has high naturalistic intelligence
what is the triarchic theory by robert sternberg
-componential or analytic intelligence
reflective skills and reflecting intelligence (compare, contrast and analyzation skills)
-experiential skills or creative skills
People’s ability to use their knowledge and experiences in new and innovative ways
-contextual or practical intelligence
“street smart” able to apply what they know to real-world scenarios
what is thurstone’s theory
1) verbal comprehension grasping meanings of words, concepts and ideas 2) numerical abilities speed and accuracy in numerical and computational 3) spatial relations visualising patterns and forms 4) perceptual speed speed in perceiving detail 5) fluency 6) memory accuracy in recalling info 7) inductive reasoning deriving general rules from presented facts
what is the Arthur Jensen theory
Hierarchical model of intelligence consisting of abilities
what is level 1 of the Arthur Jensen theory
Level 1 Associative learning (rote learning)
what is level 2 of the Arthur Jensen
Level 2
cognitive competence involves high-order skills as they transform the input to create an effective output
(ability to solve problems)
what is split-half reliability
involves randomly dividing a test into two different sections and then correlating people’s performances on the two halves.
what is equivalent-form reliability
An equivalent form is an alternate form of a test with the same psychometric properties as the original.
what is the test-retest reliability
the consistency of results when you repeat the same test on the same sample at a different point in time.
what is the reliability of a test
Reliability refers to the repeatability or consistency of the test as a means of measurement.
what is the validity
A test is valid when it measures what it is supposed to measure.
what is face validity
Face validity refers to a superficial measure of accuracy
what is content validity
Content validity refers to how well a measure reflects the entire range of material it is supposed to be testing.
what are the two types of criterion-related validity
concurrent validity
measures how much of a characteristic a person has now
predictive validity
is a measure of future performance
what is construct validity
these tests are usually backed up by a theory, the higher the correlation between the theory and the questions the more accurate.
relation between validity and reliability
test cannot be valid if not reliable
test can be reliable without being valid
what is a standardisation sample
are things needed to be kept standard when making a test (time, no of questions etc.)
reliability is linked to standardization
what are norms
all criteria on which the test has been based
