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social psych Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the mere exposure effect

A

the more one is exposed to something the more they tend to like it

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2
Q

what are the two routes persuasive messages can be sent

A

central and peripheral route

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3
Q

what is the central route to persuasion

A

the central route to persuasion involves deeply processing the contents of the message

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4
Q

what is the peripheral route to persuasion

A

peripheral route to persuasion involves understanding a message at its surface level (physical features etc)

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5
Q

what is the cognitive dissonance theory and who was it given by

A

Given by Festinger. The idea that people are motivated to have consistent attitudes and behaviours. When they don’t it creates mental tension or dissonance

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6
Q

what is the foot-in-the-door compliance strategy

A

if you get someone to agree with something small then they would be more likely to agree with you for something larger

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7
Q

what is the door-in-the-foot compliance strategy

A

If you request something big and they deny, they will be more likely to accept a smaller request

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8
Q

what are the norms of reciprocity

A

if you do something nice for someone they are indebted to do something nice back to you

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9
Q

what is the lowballing compliance strategy

A

offering something and at the end change its terms and conditions

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10
Q

what is ingratiation

A

when you present yourself in a kind and respectful manner to convince someone to give you something

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11
Q

what is the attribution theory

A

how people determine the cause of what they observe

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12
Q

what are person attributes

A

person’s behavior is due to their own internal factors. eg mark does very well on a math test because he is good at math

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13
Q

what are situation attributes

A

person’s behaviour is due to their surrounding and external factors. eg mark did well on this math test because the teacher marked kindly

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14
Q

what are person stable attributes

A

if someone has always had these internal factors which cause their behavior. eg Mark did well on the math exam because he has always been very good at math

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15
Q

what are person unstable attributes

A

this person had something that was a one-off thing internally which caused the behavior. eg Mark did well on this math exam only because he studied hard for this one.

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16
Q

what are situational unstable attributes

A

the person’s surroundings had something different only this once which led to their behavior. eg mark did very well on this math exam because for this once the teacher marked very kindly

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17
Q

what 3 factors explain the kind of attributions people make

A

consistency: how similarly the individual acts in the same situation over time
distinctiveness: how similar the situation was to others the individual has been in
consensus: how others responded in the same situation

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18
Q

what is the self-fulfilling prophecy

A

how someones expectations of you can influence your behaviour

19
Q

what is the fundamental attribution error

A

people don’t consider dispositional factors when making a judgement

20
Q

in which culture is the fundamental attribution error mostly found

A

individualistic cultures (cultures that stress the needs of the individual over the needs of the group as a whole)

21
Q

what is the false consensus effect

A

the tendency for people to overestimate the number of people that agree with themselves

22
Q

what is the self serving bias

A

tendency to take more credit for good outcomes but blame others for bad outcomes

23
Q

what is the just-world bias

A

the belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people

24
Q

what is a stereotype

A

ideas about a group of people that influence our interactions with these people. eg Californians are lazy

25
Q

what is a prejudice

A

undeserved usually negative attitude toward a group of people. stereotyping can result in a prejudice being formed. eg I don’t like Californians because they are lazy

26
Q

what is discrimination

A

Discrimination is an action built upon prejudice. eg i don’t like Californians therefore I will not employ a Californian.

27
Q

how do stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination affect eachother

A

they reinforce one another

28
Q

what is in-group bias

A

is the belief that oneself is good and therefore the group they are a part of are a group of good people

29
Q

how to combat prejudice

A

contact theory, a theory that if we place two groups that have a prejudice toward each other and place them to do a task (superordinate goal) that involves working together.

30
Q

what is instrumental aggression

A

when one is aggressive towards someone to get something from them

31
Q

what is hostile aggression

A

when one is aggressive towards someone for no particular reason

32
Q

what is prosocial behavior

A

behavior that exudes kindness and helping others

33
Q

what is the bystander effect

A

the larger the number of people who witness an emergency, the less likely any one is to interfere

34
Q

what is an explanation for the bystander effect

A

diffusion of responsibility

35
Q

what is pluralistic ignorance

A

people tend to decide what constitutes appropriate behavior in a situation by looking to others

36
Q

what are the 3 factors that affect attraction

A

proximity (how exposed we are to a person)
similarity (how similar we are to a person)
reciprocal liking (if they like us back or not)

37
Q

what is social facilitation

A

the phenomenon that the presence of others improves task performance. But if the task is hard then it could be an impairment

38
Q

what is normative conformity and who was it given by

A

normative conformity was given by Asch and it states that people do what the mass is doing to be accepted/liked

39
Q

what is informative conformity and who was it given by

A

informative conformity was given by Sherrif and it states that sometimes people do what the mass is doing because they don’t know the correct answer/what to do rather than to be liked

40
Q

what is social loafing

A

Phenomenon that individuals don’t put in as much effort when they are in a group. one possible reason could be diffusion of responsibility

41
Q

what is group polarization

A

people make more extreme decisions in a group than they would when they are alone

42
Q

what is groupthink

A

groups tend to make bad decisions in a cohesive group

43
Q

what is deindividuation

A

the loss of self restraint and self control in a cohesive group

44
Q

what does cohesive mean in a group

A

unity of a group

AP psychology (16 decks)

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