Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP psychology > abnormal psych > Flashcards

abnormal psych Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4Ds to define abnormality

A

Distress
Dangerous
Deviant
Dsyfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain the 4 Ds to def abnormality

A

Distress - Themselves and others
Dangerous - to themselves and others
Dysfunction - maladaptive (can’t adapt well to everyday life
Deviant - Very subjective - Differ from the average/mean point of view or differ from cultural norms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When can something be considered abnormal

what can be left out

A

Needs to meet all 4 Ds to be considered abnormal

Dangerous - can be left out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Definition for manuals for disorders

A

Manuals that list all disorders, symptoms, how to diagnose, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 manuals for disorders and full forms?

A

DSM (Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders)

ICD (International classification of disorders)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which organizations gave which manual

A

DSM - APA (American Psychiatric Association)

ICD - WHO (World Health Organisation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the PSYCHOANALYTIC school of thought state the cause of disorders

A

Early childhood traumatic experiences that are stored and cause conflicts in the unconcious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the BEHAVOIRIST school of thought state the cause of disorders

A

The learning of “flawed” behaviors as a result of the person’s history and reinforcement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the COGNITIVE school of thought state the cause of disorders

A

Faulty thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the HUMANISTIC school of thought state the cause of disorders

examples

A

Problems with own self

Eg: problems with feelings, self esteem, self concept, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the SOCIOCULTURAL school of thought state the cause of disorders

A

External factors and circumstances such as the environment around you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the BIOMEDICAL school of thought state the cause of disorders

A

The biological factors such as genetics, hormones, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 2 types of symptoms of Anxiety and a few examples for each

A

Physical - sweating, heart palpitation, ringing in ears, shivering

Psychological - Flurry of thoughts, cloudly thoughts, a lot of ‘what if’ thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 4 types of anxiety and full forms if any

A

GAD - Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Panic attacks
Phobia
Social anxiety (aka social phobia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Characteristics of GAD

A

A continuous form of mild anxiety (body cant be in true anxious state 24x7)

Constant state of worry - ‘what if’ questions are never ending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a panic attack

what causes most panic attacks

A

Similar to GAD except

Is a short episode of extreme anxiety
Symptoms are taken to a severe extent

Most panic attacks are caused out of anticipation of a panic attack.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a phobia and how are they derived

A

An irrational fear

Derived through anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is social anxiety and what drives it

A

Anxiety when you have to interact with strangers.

Driven by the thought that you will be judged by others/embarrass yourself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the best solution to Social Anxiety

A

Cognitive school of thought. Resolve the flawed thought

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

General symptoms of depression

A

EMI - Energy Mood Interest - all go down

Sleep less
socially withdrawn 
Appetite goes down
Worthlessness
Hopelessness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Types of depression disorders and full forms if any

A

MDD (Major depressive disorder)
SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder)
Dysthymia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is MDD and char

A

A severe form of depression

Length of the episode - depressed for atl 2 weeks w/o reason
Other symptoms are the general ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is SAD (depression) and the usual time frame and cause

A

Depressed during certain times of the year

Usually during winter because of lack on sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Treatment for SAD

A

Light therapy - during winter, the light is less. This therapy combats that.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Aaron Beck - Causes of Depression
Name of theory
What it is

A

Cognitive triad

Negative views about one self
leads to 
Negative views about the world 
leads to
Negative vies about the future.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Causes of depression - psychoanalytical

A

Unconscious repressed feelings from childhood experiences or trauma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Causes of depression - biological (2 causes)

A

Either
Genetic vulnerability of depression ‘

OR

Low serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What bipolar disorder

A

Constant cycling between mania and depression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is mania

Some symptoms/char

A

Overly energetic, elated phase.

Talk very fast
Talk a lot
Lose sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the 3 types of bipolar

A

Bipolar I Disorder

Bipolar II disorder - hypomania

Cyclothymia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is Bipolar I disorder

A

Type of bipolar where both mania and depression cycles are severe.

Extreme symptoms of both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is Hypomania

A

Type of bipolar where there is mild mania but severe depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is Cyclothymia

A

Type of bipolar where depression and mania are both mild.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the causes of bipolar

A

Largely Biological - chemical imbalances, genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Levels of neurotransmitters in people with bipolar

A

Low levels of serotonin
Low levels of norepinephrine
High levels of acetycholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Treatment for bipolar

A

Lithium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is schizophrenia

A

A disorder where people are caught up in delusions and hallucinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the 3 types of symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Positive
Negative
Psychomotor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are Positive symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

Delusions
Disorganized thoughts
Hallucinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is a halucination

A

A false perception in lack of external stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the types of hallucinations

A 
Auditory 
Tactile 
Somatic
Visual
gustatory
Olfactory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are auditory hallucinations

2 types

A

Hear voices speaking to them

Second person - refer to the patient directly
third person - refer to patient as he/she

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is derailment/tangentiality

A

keep shifting from topic to topic

Can’t have a convo about one topic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are delusions

A

False beliefs that are firmly held on inadequate grounds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Types of delusions

A

Persecution
Grandeur
Control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are delusions of persecution

A

Believe someone is out to get them, harm them, slandering them, or plotting against them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What are delusions of grandeur

A

Believe that they are specially empowered
know famous people
or they think they are famous

eg: ‘i am god’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What are delusions of control

A

Believe that feelings, thoughts and actions are controlled by others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Alogia
Blunted effect
Flat effect
Avolition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is Alogia (neg symptom of schizophrenia)

A

Aka poverty of speech

Don’t speak much
Reply to things in 1 word (eg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is blunted effect (neg symptom of schizophrenia)

A

Show less emotions.

less anger, sadness, joy, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What is the flat effect (neg symptom of schizophrenia)

A

Show no emotion at all

Straight face to everything

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is Avolition (neg symptom of schizophrenia)

A

Aka apathy

Inability to start or complete a course of action.

Become totally focused on own idea and fantasies, and therefore they have to withdraw socially and from society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Examples of psychomotor symptoms

A

Move less spontaneously

Make odd gestures and grimaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

3 types of catatonia (schizophrenia)

A

Catatonic stupor - Remain motionless and silent for long periods of time
Catatonic rigidity - Upright and rigid posture for items
Catatonic Posturing - Awkward and bizarre positions for long periods of time.

56
Q

Cause of schizophrenia

A

Dopamine hypothesis - High levels of dopamine (neurotransmitter).

Genetics

Upbringing

Diathesis-stress
mode

57
Q

Treatment for schizophrenia -

A

anti psychotic drugs that aim to reduce dopamine levels

58
Q

Dangers with reducing dopamine levels

A

Parkinson’s disease,

59
Q

What is Parkinson’s disease

A

A motor disorder

60
Q

What disorder can the use of the anti psychotic drugs cause

A

Tardive dyskinesia - Anti Psychotics cause Parkinson’s like symptoms.

61
Q

How to treat Parkinson’s

Drug name
Aim of drug
Side effects

A

L dopa

Increase dopamine levels

Side effects: schizophrenic symptoms

62
Q

What does low serotonin cause

A

Low serotonin - depression

63
Q

Genetic cause for schizophrenia

A

Very common and supported cause

75/80% schizophrenic cases are caused by a genetic vulnerability

64
Q

What is a double bind

A

Person is brought up in a contradictory environment.

eg: Mom wants kid to do/be sometinhg, dad wants sumn else, grand parents want sumn else, etc.

65
Q

What is the diathesis stress model

A

states that disorders are caused due to biological factors

66
Q

What is a paraphyllia

another name for it

A

Aka psychosexual disorders

Sexual attraction to objects, peopl. activities that aren’t sexual

67
Q

What is Pedophilia

A

Aroused by children

68
Q

what is zoophilia

A

Aroused by animals

69
Q

what is fetishism

A

Aroused by objects

70
Q

who is a masochist

A

someone aroused by being in pain

71
Q

who is a sadist

A

someone aroused by inflicting pain

72
Q

Who is a voyeur

A

someone Aroused by watching sexual activity.

73
Q

What is OCD - and the 2 parts

A

Obsessive Compulsive disorder

Repeated pattern of Obsessions and Compulsions

74
Q

What are the disorders in cluster A (personality disorder

A

Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal

75
Q

What is paranoid personality (cluster A)

A

Patterns of distrust of others that may not be justified by real circumstances.

76
Q

Schizoid personality disorder (cluster A)

A

Detachment from social relationships, and the person prefers solidary activities.

77
Q

Schizotypal (cluster A)

A

Display odd behavior

78
Q

What are the disorders in cluster B (personality disorder)

A

Anti social, histrionic, narcistic personality, borderline.

79
Q

What is histrionic (cluster B)

who is it common among

A

Want to be the center of attention, are very seductive and have a lot of friends.

Common in women

80
Q

What is narcistic personality (Cluster B)

A

Superiority complex

81
Q

What is antisocial (cluster B)

A

Violate others and commit crimes without any sense of guilt

Destructive, aggressive, impulsive.

82
Q

What is borderline (cluster B)

A

Constant sense of void and insecurity in relationships.

Low self esteem

83
Q

Disorders in cluster C (personality disorder)

A

OCPD, r, Dependent

84
Q

What is OCPD full form and characterisitcs

A

Obsessive compulsive personality disorder

Perfectionist
Devoted to work and productivity
Very rigid
Won’t discard used items

85
Q

What stage of fixation would Freud say someone with OCPD was at

A

Anal stage of fixation

86
Q

What is avoidant personality (Cluster C)

A

Skip social activities and they are scared of rejection and embarrassment. They feel inferior and have a low self esteem.

87
Q

What is dependent personality (Cluster C)

A

Inability to be autonomous and want other’s to take decisions for them out of a fear of disagreement and loss of support.

88
Q

what is ptsd full form and explanation

A

post traumatic stress disorder

Flashbacks/nightmares of very traumatic events (eg: war or natural disaster) which cause anxiety.

89
Q

2 Types of symptoms for PTSD

A

Emotional Numbness

Impaired concentration

90
Q

What is OCD full form, explanation and 2 parts

A

Obsessive compulsive disorder - repeated pattern of obsessions and compulsions

Obsessions
Compulsions

91
Q

What is an obsession (OCD)

A

The mind constantly thinks about the same thing, which causes anxiety

92
Q

How does an obsession cause a reduction in productivity

A

The thought keeps running and that reduces productivity.

93
Q

What is a compulsion

A

An action to curb the obsession and anxiety.

94
Q

What are the 3 types of somatic disorders

A

Somatic symptoms
Illness anxiety
Conversoin

95
Q

What are somatic symptoms (somatic disorders)

A

When a person experiences a physical symptom but there is no illness or biological reason to it.

96
Q

When is somatic symptoms diagnosed

A

After patient goes to numerous doctors, can’t find anything wrong but are still worried.

97
Q

What is the illness anxiety disorder

A

There is no pain/physical symptoms but the patient constantly thinks they are ill.

98
Q

What is conversion (somatic disorders)

A

The sudden feeling of loss/a change in motor, organ function or bodily function without any biological reason.

99
Q

What is a phantom limb

A

Experience pain in a limb that doesn’t exist.

100
Q

Diff theories and causes of somatic symptoms - freud and behaviorist

A

Freud - Unresolved unconscious conflicts that manifest as physical symptoms.

Behaviorist - reinforced behavior

101
Q

What is a dissociative disorder

A

Severance of connections between ideas and emotion.

102
Q

Types of dissociative disorders

A

Dissociative amnesia
Dissociative identity
Derealization

103
Q

What is dissociative amnesia and which defense mechanism does it connect to

A

Extensive selective memory loss without any biological explanation. May even forget previous identity and assume a new one.

Repression.

104
Q

What is dissociative fugue

A

Memory loss + traveling elsewhere.

105
Q

What is dissociative identity

A

Have more than 1 personalities that aren’t aware of each other due to childhood trauma.

106
Q

What is depersonalisation

A

Look at yourself from a distance, feel like you are not in your body and there is a change in self perception

107
Q

What is derealisation

A

Feel like you’re in a dream and the world is not real

108
Q

Causes of dissociative disorders

Freud
Behaviorist
Third one (non theory related)

A

Freud - some trauma that has been repressed

Behaviorist - Some reward that has reinforced behavior. Eg: Reward of no stress during amnesia.

Childhood trauma

109
Q

3 levels of substance disorders

A

Use
Abuse
Dependence

110
Q

What is use level of substance disorders

A

occasional use of substances (drugs, alc, etc)

111
Q

What is the abuse level of substance disorders

A

Consuming the substance at more than healthy levels, but haven’t reached an addiction level.

112
Q

What is the dependence level of substance disorders.

A

Addicted

113
Q

2 parts of addiction

A

Tolerance

Withdrawal

114
Q

What is tolerance (addiction)

A

Keep increasing the amount of the substance to feel the same high.

Body gets used to the initial level of substance

115
Q

What is Withdrawal (addiction)

A

Psychological or physical symptoms when you are not using the substance/trying to stop.

116
Q

What does a inhibitory substance do

A

Slows the body down

117
Q

What does a stimulatory substance do

A

Puts body in a euphoric state, energized, etc.

118
Q

What is the IQ Level for mental retardation

A

IQ < 70

119
Q

Diff stages of mental retardation and IQ levesl

A

mild - 55 to 70 iq
moderate - 35 to 55
Profound/sever - below 25

120
Q

2 Components of ADHD

Which components does a patient have to have

A

Attention deficiency
Hyperactivity

Doesnt have to have both components, can also just have 1

121
Q

What are the char of the attention deficiency component of ADHD

A 
Disorganized 
Easily distracted
Forgetful
Doesn't finish assignments 
Loses interest quickly 
Doesn't follow instructions.
122
Q

What arc the char of hyperactive component of ADHD

What can it transform into

A

Constant motion
Hard to sit stilll
Restless
Can transform to impulsivity or aggression when they get older

123
Q

What are the symptoms of the Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

Communication is a struggle for them

Only interact with a few people

Very particular about routines and organisation

Very restricted range of interests.

124
Q

What is high function autism

A

Mild autism where people can still function and live independently

125
Q

What is Asperger’s disease

A

Similar to autism except there is no language impairment

126
Q

What is ODD (full form and char)

A

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Very stubborn, hostile, no self awareness, defy authority

127
Q

What is conduct disorder

What does it end up transforming in usually

A

Violate others, family expectations, societal norms without any guilt or empathy.

Childhood version of Antisocial, usually transforms to antisocial

128
Q

Symptoms of conduct disorder

A

Verbal aggression

Commit crimes such as major deceitfulness and theft or property damage

129
Q

Trauma and stress related disorders

A

Reactive attachment disorder

Adjustment disorder

130
Q

What is reactive attachment disorder

A

Problems of attachment with attachment figures as a child which lead to attachment problems as an adult,

131
Q

What is adjustment disorder

A

Hard to adjust to new set ups and changes. Any of those can result in depression and anxiety.

132
Q

What is PICA

A

An eating disorder - eat everything including inedible objects.

133
Q

What is factitious disorder

A

Falsify symptoms for attention, medical help, sympathy, etc.

134
Q

Causes for Factitious disorder

A

May have unconsciously learned that falsifying the symptoms would earn them rewards such as attention, pity, etc.

135
Q

What is body dysmorphic disorder

A

Constant anxiousness about the way you look which could lead to anxiety and depression.

136
Q

What is hoarding disorder

A

Keep collecting things for years, no matter what it is.

Letting the obj go causes anxiety.

AP psychology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions