personality Flashcards
what is the 2 type theory name, by who, how many types
Type A and Type B Theory
by Friedmen and Rosenman
4 Types - Type A, B, C, D
Characteristics of Type A
Type A people: competitive, time urgent, hostile and aggressive
Characteristics of Type B
Type B people: relaxed, patient and easy going
Characteristics of Type C given by who
Type C: bottle up feelings
Morris
Characteristics of Type D
Type D: very pessimistic and negative personalities. overthink a lot, extremely low self-esteem
What is the psychoanalytical theory
Given by who
Given by Freud
he believed that one’s personality was essentially set in early childhood (behavioral school)
Psychoanalytical psyche 3 parts and explanation
mnemonic (js a way for us to rem not actually included in the syl): thanos
Eros- need to survive/life instinct
libido- sexual instinct/drive
Thanatos- aggresive/death instinct
What were the 3 Levels of consciousness and explanation (Freud)
Unconscious - Thoughts and feelings one is not aware of.
Pre-conscious - Thoughts and feelings that one is not currently aware of, but they will remember if they apply effort.
Conscious - Everything one is currently aware of - thoughts, feelings, etc.
What were the 3 structures of personality and explanation (Freud)
since when was each
which principle each follows
The main goal of each
Id-
Since birth
Pleasure principle
Main goal: immediate gratification which leads to impulsive drives
Ego -
Age of 2 or 3
Follows the reality principle
Main goal: provides a reality check of what can/cannot be done. Shows the bitter threatening reality.
Superego -
Age 5
Doesn’t follow any principle
Acts as a conscience and balances the ID and EGO
Why is anxiety caused (in relation to the structures of personality)
Conflicts between ID, Ego, and superego
Why are defense mechanisms used
To deal with anxiety unconsciously
what is repression
a defense mechanism in which you unconsciously block thoughts out from conscious awareness
what is denial
a defense mechanism in which the person does not accept the ego (reality threatening truth)
what is displacement
a defense mechanism in which the person redirects their thoughts or feelings onto other people who are less threatening
(taking out anger if angry on other people)
eg: If parents scream at you, you scream at sibling
what is reaction formation
a defense mechanism in which the person expresses the opposite of how they truly feel
(cracking jokes when sad)
what is rationalisation
a defense mechanism in which one comes up with a beneficial result of undesirable an occurrence was
(trying to make urself feel better)
what is intellectualization
A defense mechanism where you undertake an academic, unemotional study of a topic.
(Finding facts, statistics, etc to make urself feel better)
what is sublimation
The healthiest defense mechanism where one accepts and channelizes thoughts and emotions in a healthy manner.
Eg: start boxing (the sport not rando people) if angry.
What does every stage in psychosexual stage of development have
Erogenous zone (pleasure zone) Key event
Stages in psychosexual stage (list in order)
Oral Anal Phallic Latency Adult genital
What is the oral stage
Age
Key event
Erogenous zone
Fixation and what it could lead to
Birth to 1 year old
Keyevent - breastfeed
Erogenous zone - mouth
Fixation name - Oral fixation (mouth related) - leads to nail biting, etc.
What is the Anal stage
Age
Key event
Erogenous zone
Fixation and what it could lead to
Age: 1 to 3 yrs old
zone of pleasure - bowels
Key events - toilet training
Anal fixation:
over gratified - anal retentive - leads to very clean and hyper-organized people.
under gratified - Anal expulsive - very disorganized and messy people
What is the phallic stage
Age
Key event
Erogenous zone
Fixation and what it could lead to
Age: 3 to 5
Key event: Oedipus or Electra crisis
Erogenous zone - genitalia
What is the Oedipus or Electra crisis
Period of time where the boys start to like the mothers and girls like fathers.
They view the same sex parent as a rival for the opposite sex’s parent’s love, attention, etc.
This leads to them identifying with the same sex parent (defense mechanism) and they break away from the opp sex parent, and start acting like same sex parent.
What is the latency stage
Age
What happens
Age: 6 to Puberty
Repress sexual drive - push out of consciousness, instead start focus on school, sports, etc.
Adult genital stage
What happens
Erogenous stage
Age
Rest of their life - post puberty
Sex drive comes back
Erogenous stage - genitalia
Phallic stage fixation
Only friends with people of the opposite sex since they couldn’t identify with the same sex
What are the critisms Freud received
He treated men as superior in his theories
Overestimated the importance of childhood and sexual pleasure
Had very little scientific evidence behind his theories
Who are neo freudians
Came after freud and gave their point of view.
Who does the psychodynamic schl consist of
Freud + neofreudians and post freudians.
What schl of thought is Karen Horney from and what did she suggest
Psychodynamic
Womb envy - Men are jealous of women’s reproductive ability.
What did Carl Jung propose
The unconscious has 2 parts - personal and collective.