states of consciousness

Question 1

what is dualism and monism

Answer 1

dualism:
thought or belief that humans are made from thought and matter
monism:
belief that everything is made from the same substance and that thought and matter are made from the same substance

Question 2

what is the priming level of consciousness

Answer 2

research participants more quickly/accurately to questions they have seen before, even if they don’t remember seeing it

Question 3

what is blind sight

Answer 3

Unconscious registering of a stimulus

Question 4

what are the 5 main levels of consciousness

Answer 4

conscious
nonconscious
preconscious
subconscious
unconscious

Question 5

factors of conscious level

Answer 5

The information about yourself and your environment you are currently aware of.

Question 6

factors of nonconscious level

Answer 6

Body processes controlled by your mind that we are not usually (or ever) aware of (heart beating, digestion etc.)

Question 7

factors of preconscious level

Answer 7

Information about yourself or your environment that you are not currently thinking about (not in your conscious level).
eg what did you do last year on Christmas

Question 8

factors of subconscious level

Answer 8

info that we are not consciously aware of at all but can be brought out through behaviours

Question 9

factors of unconscious level

Answer 9

feelings, thought that we aren’t aware of at all

Question 10

what is the circadian rhythm

Answer 10

natural sleep and wake schedule our body sets for ourself

Question 11

Melatonin
what releases 
when 
aka
When is it increased usually

Answer 11

released by the penial gland when it gets dark outside, sleep hormone.
Melatonin increase is heavily linked with seasonal depression

Question 12

stages of the sleep cycle

Answer 12

sleep onset
stage 1 and 2
stage 3 and 4
REM/paradoxical stage

Question 13

what is the sleep onset stage

Answer 13

the period when we begin to fall asleep brian produces alpha waves when drowsy but still awake

Question 14

what is stage 1 and 2 of sleep (factors of it)

Answer 14

the brain produces theta waves, high frequency, low amplitude as we fall deeper and deeper into sleep our waves get slower and higher in higher ampilitude

Question 15

what is stage 3 and 4 and another word for it

Answer 15

delta sleep
named after delta waves produced during this stage
low frequency waves are emitted at this stage
if woken in this stage of sleep the person is woken disoriented/groggy
increasing excerice in the day will result to more sleep in this stage

Question 16

what is the REM stage of sleep (factors of it)

Answer 16

rapid eye movement stage of sleep
brain waves are equivalent to how it would be if the person were awake
REM sleep helps in memory
if REM sleep wasnt achieved one night the next night make up for it, this is known as rem rebound
more stress = more REM sleep

Question 17

what are the theories as to ‘why do we dream’

Answer 17

information-processing theory of dreaming
problem-solving theory of dreaming
activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming

Question 18

information-processing theory of dreaming

Answer 18

states that dreams help us process all that has happened in the day and REM sleep helps integrate the info processed during the day into memories (through dreaming)

Question 19

problem-solving theory of dreaming

Answer 19

dreams provide a chance for the mind to work out issues that occupy its attention during waking hours.

Question 20

activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming

Answer 20

dreams are a product of our awareness of neural activity due to sensory input while sleeping
dreams are a result of neural activity

Question 21

what are all the sleep disorders

Answer 21

insomnia
dyssomnia
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
parasomnia
sleep paralysis

Question 22

what is insomnia

Answer 22

inability to fall asleep/difficulty falling asleep

Question 23

what is dyssomnia

Answer 23

abnormalities in quality/timing of sleep

Question 24

what is narcolepsy

Answer 24

sleep attacks
extremly strong sleep urges
difficulty staying awake
all sleep is REM

Question 25

what is sleep apnea

Answer 25

during sleep patient has difficulty breathing

common in obese people/drunkards

Question 26

what are parasomnias

Answer 26

during sleep having abnormal movements

eg walking, night terrors

Question 27

what is sleep paralysis

Answer 27

sudden inability to move during sleep

Question 28

what is hypnosis

Answer 28

hypnosis is being in a state of consciousness in which one is relaxed and open to suggestions

Question 29

what is posthypnotic suggestion

Answer 29

hypnotist implant a posthypnotic suggestion, a suggestion that a hypnotized person behave in a certain way after he or she is brought out of hypnosis.

Question 30

what is posthypnotic amnesia

Answer 30

loss of memory after hypnosis (usually one wont even remember that the hypnosis ever happened)

Question 31

explanations behind hypnosis

Answer 31

dissociation theory
role theory
state theory

Question 32

what does the dissociation theory on hypnosis state

Answer 32

hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness and your ‘alter’ personality is under hypnosis while your real personality is an observer to this and is taking in the suggestions and putting them into place.

Question 33

what does the role theory on theory on hypnosis state

Answer 33

states that hypnosis is not an altered state at all rather that the peson is playing the role of being hypnotised
occurs to people with high hypnotic suggestibility (people who fantasise about life)

Question 34

what does the state theory on hypnosis suggest

Answer 34

states hypnosis is an altered state and is useful for pain control

Question 35

how do signals move in a neuron

Answer 35

through electrical impulses

Question 36

how do signals move from neuron to neuron

Answer 36

through chemical transmission

Question 37

what are the three ways in which drugs can affect the brain

Answer 37

1) drugs can either increase or decrease amount of neurotransmitters available in the synapse
2) certain drugs can occupy receptor sites that would usually recieve a neurotransmitter this prevents the neurotransmitter from completing the communication
3) drugs can prevent the reuptake of neurotransmitters as well which increase neurotransmission