states of consciousness Flashcards
what is dualism and monism
dualism:
thought or belief that humans are made from thought and matter
monism:
belief that everything is made from the same substance and that thought and matter are made from the same substance
what is the priming level of consciousness
research participants more quickly/accurately to questions they have seen before, even if they don’t remember seeing it
what is blind sight
Unconscious registering of a stimulus
what are the 5 main levels of consciousness
conscious nonconscious preconscious subconscious unconscious
factors of conscious level
The information about yourself and your environment you are currently aware of.
factors of nonconscious level
Body processes controlled by your mind that we are not usually (or ever) aware of (heart beating, digestion etc.)
factors of preconscious level
Information about yourself or your environment that you are not currently thinking about (not in your conscious level).
eg what did you do last year on Christmas
factors of subconscious level
info that we are not consciously aware of at all but can be brought out through behaviours
factors of unconscious level
feelings, thought that we aren’t aware of at all
what is the circadian rhythm
natural sleep and wake schedule our body sets for ourself
Melatonin what releases when aka When is it increased usually
released by the penial gland when it gets dark outside, sleep hormone.
Melatonin increase is heavily linked with seasonal depression
stages of the sleep cycle
sleep onset
stage 1 and 2
stage 3 and 4
REM/paradoxical stage
what is the sleep onset stage
the period when we begin to fall asleep brian produces alpha waves when drowsy but still awake
what is stage 1 and 2 of sleep (factors of it)
the brain produces theta waves, high frequency, low amplitude as we fall deeper and deeper into sleep our waves get slower and higher in higher ampilitude
what is stage 3 and 4 and another word for it
delta sleep
named after delta waves produced during this stage
low frequency waves are emitted at this stage
if woken in this stage of sleep the person is woken disoriented/groggy
increasing excerice in the day will result to more sleep in this stage
what is the REM stage of sleep (factors of it)
rapid eye movement stage of sleep
brain waves are equivalent to how it would be if the person were awake
REM sleep helps in memory
if REM sleep wasnt achieved one night the next night make up for it, this is known as rem rebound
more stress = more REM sleep
what are the theories as to ‘why do we dream’
information-processing theory of dreaming
problem-solving theory of dreaming
activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming
information-processing theory of dreaming
states that dreams help us process all that has happened in the day and REM sleep helps integrate the info processed during the day into memories (through dreaming)
problem-solving theory of dreaming
dreams provide a chance for the mind to work out issues that occupy its attention during waking hours.
activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming
dreams are a product of our awareness of neural activity due to sensory input while sleeping
dreams are a result of neural activity
what are all the sleep disorders
insomnia dyssomnia narcolepsy sleep apnea parasomnia sleep paralysis
what is insomnia
inability to fall asleep/difficulty falling asleep
what is dyssomnia
abnormalities in quality/timing of sleep
what is narcolepsy
sleep attacks
extremly strong sleep urges
difficulty staying awake
all sleep is REM
what is sleep apnea
during sleep patient has difficulty breathing
common in obese people/drunkards
what are parasomnias
during sleep having abnormal movements
eg walking, night terrors
what is sleep paralysis
sudden inability to move during sleep
what is hypnosis
hypnosis is being in a state of consciousness in which one is relaxed and open to suggestions
what is posthypnotic suggestion
hypnotist implant a posthypnotic suggestion, a suggestion that a hypnotized person behave in a certain way after he or she is brought out of hypnosis.
what is posthypnotic amnesia
loss of memory after hypnosis (usually one wont even remember that the hypnosis ever happened)
explanations behind hypnosis
dissociation theory
role theory
state theory
what does the dissociation theory on hypnosis state
hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness and your ‘alter’ personality is under hypnosis while your real personality is an observer to this and is taking in the suggestions and putting them into place.
what does the role theory on theory on hypnosis state
states that hypnosis is not an altered state at all rather that the peson is playing the role of being hypnotised
occurs to people with high hypnotic suggestibility (people who fantasise about life)
what does the state theory on hypnosis suggest
states hypnosis is an altered state and is useful for pain control
how do signals move in a neuron
through electrical impulses
how do signals move from neuron to neuron
through chemical transmission
what are the three ways in which drugs can affect the brain
1) drugs can either increase or decrease amount of neurotransmitters available in the synapse
2) certain drugs can occupy receptor sites that would usually recieve a neurotransmitter this prevents the neurotransmitter from completing the communication
3) drugs can prevent the reuptake of neurotransmitters as well which increase neurotransmission
