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Treatment of GIT infections Flashcards

1
Q

Antagonistic drug combination against Enterobacteriaceae

A

Aminoglycoside and chloramphenicol

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2
Q

Antagonistic drug combination against strep pneumoniae

A

Broad spectrum penicillin and chloramphenicol

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3
Q

Antagonistic drug combination against gram negative bacilli

A

Broad spectrum penicillin and imipenem

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4
Q

Synergistic drug combination against enterococci

A

Aminoglycoside and ampicillin or penicillin G

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5
Q

Synergistic drug combinations against gram negative bacilli

A

Aminoglycoside and broad spectrum penicillin

Aminoglycoside and cephalosporin

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6
Q

Synergistic drug combination against Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Amphotericin B and flucytosine

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7
Q

Synergistic drug combination against staphylococci

A

Vancomycin and aminoglycoside

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8
Q

Synergistic drug combination against HIV

A

Reverse transcriptase inhibitor and protease inhibitor

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9
Q

Treatment for Bacillus cereus GIT infection

A

No antimicrobial therapy, supportive care

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10
Q

Treatment for severe C jejuni gastroenteritis

A

Erythromycin
Ciprofloxacin

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11
Q

Treatment for severe cholera

A

Tetracyclines
Azithromycin

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12
Q

Treatment for pseudomembranous colitis

A

Metronidazole
Vancomycin

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13
Q

Treatment for C perfringens GIT infection

A

No antimicrobial treatment, supportive care

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14
Q

E coli strains where treatment with antimicrobial is not recommended

A

EIEC
EHEC

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15
Q

Possible treatments for ETEC and EPEC

A

Fluoroquinolones
Doxycycline
Rifaximin
TMP-SMZ

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16
Q

Treatment for severe salmonellosis

A

Fluoroquinolones
Ampicillin

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17
Q

Treatment for shigella dysentery

A

Ciprofloxacin
Azithromycin

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18
Q

Treatments for typhoid fever

A

Fluoroquinolones
Ceftriaxone
Azithromycin

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19
Q

Treatment for severe Yersinia gastroenteritis

A

Fluoroquinolones
Aminoglycosides

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20
Q

Treatments for ANUG

A

Amoxicillin + metronidazole
Clindamycin
Doxycycline

Oral hygiene

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21
Q

Treatment for actinomycosis

A

Penicillin G

Surgery

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22
Q

How to estimate fluid replacement?

A

Difference between pt’s normal weight and weight at presentation

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23
Q

Oral rehydration solution

A

1/2 tsp salt
6 tsp sugar
1 L water

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24
Q

Empiric treatment choice for acute diarrhea

A

Azithromycin or fluoroquinolone

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25
Empiric treatment choices for traveler's diarrhea
Fluoroquinolone Azithromycin Rifaximin
26
Indications for empiric treatment in acute diarrhea
Severe disease Bloody or mucoid stools --> suggestive of invasive infection Advanced pt age Comorbidities
27
Antimicrobial used to prevent carrier state in diphtheria
Penicillin G
28
Drug combination that causes sequential block of bacterial folate mechanism
Trimethroprim and sulfamethoxazole
29
Mechanism of fluoroquinolones
Inhibit bacterial topoisomerase II and topoisomerase IV --> inhibiting DNA synthesis
30
Side effects of fluoroquinolones
Tendonitis and tendon rupture Contraindicated in children
31
Side effects of aminoglycosides
Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity Neuromuscular blockade
32
Side effect of clindamycin
Pseudomembranous colitis
33
Side effects of vancomycin
Red man syndrome Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity
34
Antimicrobial that suppresses bacterial ammonia formation and is used for prevention of hepatic encephalopathy
Rifaximin
35
Drugs effective on tissue amebiasis
Chloroquine Emetines Metronidazole Tinidazole
36
Drugs effective on luminal amebiasis
Diloxanide furoate Iodoquinol Paromomycin
37
Drug of choice for asymptomatic amebiasis
Diloxanide furoate
38
Alternative drugs for asymptomatic amebiasis
Iodoquinol Paromomycin
39
Drug of choice for mild to moderate amebiasis
Metronidazole plus luminal agent
40
Drug of choice for severe amabiasis
Metronidazole or tinidazole, plus luminal agent
41
Drug of choice of hepatic abscess and other extraintestinal amebiasis
Metronidazole or tinidazole plus luminal agent
42
Mechanism of emetines
Inhibit protein synthesis by blocking ribosomal movement along mRNA
43
Use of emetines
Severe amebiasis when metronidazole cannot be used
44
Side effects of emetines
GI distress Muscle weakness Cardiovascular dysfunction (arrhythmias and CHF)
45
Risks with high doses of iodoquinol
Thyroid enlargement Iodine toxicity --> skin reaction Neurotoxic effect
46
Mechanism of metronidazole and tinidazole
Inhibits PFOR Interferes with decarboxylation of pyruvate and ATP Forms free radicals
47
Most common side effects of metronidazole
Anorexia Nausea Metallic taste Disulfiram like reaction
48
Contraindication for use of metronidazole
Neurological disease, risk of seizure
49
Risk with prolonged administration of metronidazole
Peripheral neuropathy
50
Mechanism of nitazoxanide
Disrupts energy metabolism by inhibiting PFOR
51
Drugs active against nematodes
Albendazole Diethylcarbamazine Ivermectin Mebendazole Pyrantel pamoate
52
Drugs active against trematodes
Bithionol Metrifonate Oxamniquine Praziquantel
53
Drugs active against cestodes
Albendazole Mebendazole Niclosamide Praziquantel
54
Mechanism of albendazole
Inhibits microtubule assembly
55
Albendazole is larvicidal in these helminth infections
Ascariasis Cysticercosis Hookworm Hydatid disease
56
Albendazole is ovicidal in these helminth infections
Ascariasis Ancylostomiasis Trichuriasis
57
Primary drug for ascariasis
Albendazole or mebendazole
58
Primary drug for hookworm
Albendazole or pyrantel pamoate
59
Primary drug for pinworm
Albendazole or mebendazole
60
Primary drug for whipworm
Albendazole or mebendazole
61
Alternative drug for threadworm
Albendazole
62
Alternative drug for filariasis
Albendazole
63
Alternative drug for visceral and cutaneous larva migrans
Albendazole
64
Adverse effects of albendazole
Reversible leukopenia Alopecia LFT elevation with long term use
65
Drug of choice for Wuchereria bancrofti
Diethylcarbamazine
66
Drug of choice for brugia malayi
Diethylcarbamazine
67
Drug of choice for eye worm disease (Loa loa)
Diethylcarbamazine
68
Drug of choice for onchocerciasis
Ivermectin
69
Drug of choice for cutaneous larva migrans
Ivermectin
70
Drug of choice for strongyloidiasis
Ivermectin
71
Drug of choice for some forms of filariasis
Ivermectin
72
Alternative drug for visceral larval migrans
Mebendazole
73
Adverse effects of high dose mebendazole
Granulocytopenia Alopecia
74
Drug that paralyzes ascaris by blocking Ach at the myoneural junction
Piperazine
75
Drug that stimulates nicotinic receptors present at the neuromuscular junctions of nematodes
Pyrantel pamoate
76
Alternative drug for pinworm
Pyrantel pamoate
77
Drug of choice for roundworm
Pyrantel pamoate
78
Alternative drug for strongyloidiaisis and trichinosis that is similar to mebendazole
Thiabendazole
79
Rare, serious side effects of thiabendazole
Irreversible liver failure Stevens-Johnson syndrome
80
Drug that causes marked contraction and then paralysis of trematode and cestode muscles
Praziquantel
81
Drug of choice for schistosomiasis
Praziquantel
82
Drug of choice for clonorchiasis
Praziquantel
83
Drug of choice for paragonimiasis
Praziquantel
84
Drug of choice for small and large intestinal flukes
Praziquantel
85
Combination of praziquantel and niclosamide is used for what?
Cestode infections
86
Alternative to albendazole for cysticercosis
Praziquantel
87
Side effects of praziquantel in neurocysticercosis
Intracranial HTN Seizures
88
Bithionol and triclabendazole are combined to treat what?
Fascioliasis
89
Alternative treatment for paragonimiasis
Bithionol
90
Alternative for praziquantel for tapeworm and intestinal flukes
Niclosamide

GI II (31 decks)

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