Oral cavity infections Flashcards
Glucomannan or mannoprotein are virulence factors of this pathogen facilitating adhesion
Candida albicans
Function of aspartyl proteinases of C albicans
Hydrolyze host proteins involved in defense
Gram positive, oval, yeast-like budding cells with pseudohyphae. PAS positive and culture on SDA. Demonstration of germ tube.
C albicans
C albicans on CHROMagar
Light green/mint
C tropicalis on CHROMagar
Dark blue
C krusei on CHROMagar
Purple
Treatment of mild to moderate C albicans infections
Local application of clotrimazole, miconazole, or nystatin
Treatment of severe C albicans infection
Fluconazole PO or IV
Characteristics of pseudomembranous type C albicans infection
Red erosions with a raw, bleeding surface when scraped
Characteristics of erythematous type of C albicans infection
Flat, red, occasionally sore areas
dsDNA virus with an icosahedral core that replicates in the host nucleus and obtains its envelope form the host nuclear membrane.
HSV 1 and 2
Spread of HSV from lytic to latent lesions
Syncytia formation
Finding in host cell suggestive of HSV infection
Intranuclear inclusion bodies
Virus that encodes a protein that down-regulates MHC-1 antigen presentation and CTL recognition
HSV
Method by which HSV escapes immune system
Coats itself with IgG via Fc and complement receptors
Typical clear lesions followed by ulcers of the lips, mouth, and/or pharynx
HSV
Recurrent mucocutaneous lesions of the mouth and lips
HSV 1
Treatment of HSV
Acyclovir
Valacyclovir
Microscopy of Giemsa stain and TZANCK smear show multinucleated giant cells and Cowdry type A inclusion bodies
HSV
Cell culture findings in HSV infection
Syncytium formation in 1-3 days
Possible complication of HSV infection in immunosuppressed
Risk of disseminated life-threatening disease
Non-enveloped ssRNA virus that is resistant to heat, detergents, and acids. Causal agent of hand-foot-mouth disease.
Coxsackie A virus (type 16)
Transmission of Coxsackie A virus
Fecal-oral route
Direct contact
Child presents with shallow yellow ulcers surrounded by red halos in the oral mucosa of the soft palate. Also has thick-walled gray vesicles with erythematous base on hands, feet, and/or buttocks
Hand-foot-mouth/Coxsackie A
Medication to avoid in Hand-foot-mouth disease
Steroids
Adolescent pt presents with fever, malaise, sore throat, painful swallowing, and tender vesicles at the junction of the hard and soft palate and on the tonsillar pillars.
Herpangina
Causal agent of herpangina
Coxsackie A virus
Vincent’s organisms
Fusobacterium species
Borrelia species
Treatment of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
Penicillin and metronidazole
Dental hygiene
Pt presents with abrupt onset of fever, malaise, severe mouth pain, and anorexia. Examination shows erythematous, edematous gingiva with friable necrotic punched-out craters in interdental papillae.
ANUG/trench mouth
Whitish, corrugated, non-painful plaques on the lateral border of tongue
Oral hairy leukoplakia
Causal agent of oral hairy leukoplakia
EBV
Causal agents of dental caries
Viridans groups of Strep (mutans, salivarius, mitis, sanguis)
Product of Strep viridans that adheres to teeth and results in plaque formation
Dextran
Common causal organism of osteomyelitis of jaw
Actinomyces israelii
Strictly anaerobic, non-acid fast, gram positive, filamentous, thin rods that colonize the upper respiratory tract, GIT, and female genital tract
Actinomyces israelii
Initially hard, redish, non-tender tissue swelling over the jaw with fibrosis and swelling. Draining sinus tracts develop, containing sulfur granules
Osteomyelitis of jaw caused by actinomyces israelii
First choice treatment for osteomyelitis of jaw
Penicillin
Drainage and debridement
Secondary choices for treating osteomyelitis of jaw
Carbapenems
Macrolides
Clindamycin
