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GI II > Dysentery > Flashcards

Dysentery Flashcards

1
Q

Stool features in dysentery

A

Scant volume with blood, mucus, WBC, and tissue invasion

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2
Q

Site affected in dysentery

A

Large intestine

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3
Q

Causal organisms of dysentery

A

Shigella
Entamoeba histolytica
EIEC

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4
Q

Non-motile gram negative rod enterobacteriaceae, non-lactose fermenter, and resistant to acid

A

Shigella

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5
Q

Shigella species most frequently seen in US

A

S sonnei

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6
Q

Shigella species most frequently seen in developing countries

A

S flexneri

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7
Q

Infective dose of Shigella

A

10-100 organisms
Very low –> highly infective

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8
Q

Transmission of Shigella

A

Feco-oral, humans are only host

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9
Q

4 virulence factors of Shigella

A

LPS endotoxin
Shiga-toxin/verotoxin-1
Plasmid encoded type III secretion system
Hemolysin

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10
Q

Shigella virulence factor that induces membrane ruffling on target cell and engulfment of bacteria

A

Plasmid encoded type III secretion system (Ipa A-D)

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11
Q

Cell targeted in mucosal invasion of Shigella

A

M cell

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12
Q

Pt complains of fever, abdominal cramps, tenesmus, and diarrhea that was initially bloody, but has became bloody. MacConkey agar shows NLF colonies and salmonella-shigella agar has transparent colonies with no black center.

A

Shigellosis

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13
Q

Incubation period of Shigella

A

1-4 days

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14
Q

Complications of shigellosis

A

Reiter’s syndrome
Hemolytic uremic syndrome

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15
Q

Stool microscopy findings in shigellosis

A

Plenty of inflammatory cells with RBCs and mucus

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16
Q

Antibiotics used in treating shigellosis

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Ciprofloxacin

17
Q

Protozoans that cause dysentery

A

Entamoeba histolytica
Balantidium coli

18
Q

Histologic finding in non-diarrheal stools in entamoeba histolytica infection

A

4 nuclei cysts

19
Q

Histologic findings in lesions and diarrheal stools in entamoeba histolytica

A

Motile trophozoites with single nucleus

20
Q

Protozoan causing dysentery with virulence factors specific lectin GAL/GalINAc, amoebapores, cysteine proteinases

A

Entamoeba histolytica

21
Q

Gradual onset of bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and tenderness that lasts for several weeks that may be accompanied by RUQ pain because of liver involvement

A

Amebic colitis

22
Q

Complications of entamoeba histolytica infection

A

Amebic liver abscess
Cerebral amebiasis
Pleuropulmonary amebiasis

23
Q

Where amebulae accumulate in liver abscess in entamoeba histolytic

A

Edge of abscess

24
Q

Treatment of asymptomatic amebiasis

A

Luminal agent –> lodoquinol, paromomycin, or diloxanide furoate

25
Q

Treatment for symptomatic amebiasis

A

Metronidazole first, followed by luminal agent

26
Q

Treatments for Balantidium coli

A

Metronidazole
Lodoquinol
Tetracycline
Nitazoxanide

GI II (31 decks)

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