Helminths

Question 1

Most common helminthic infection

Answer 1

Ascaris lumbricoides –> roundworm

Question 2

Symptoms of roundworm infection

Answer 2

Usually asymptomatic

Growth retardation
Pneumonitis
Intestinal obstruction
Hepatobiliary and pancreatic injury

Question 3

Laboratory diagnosis for Ascaris lumbricoides

Answer 3

Bile stained eggs in stool

Question 4

Treatment for Ascaris lumbricoides

Answer 4

Albendazole
Mebendazole

Question 5

Possible symptoms of hookworm infection

Answer 5

Ground itch
Diarrhea
Vague abdominal pain
Colic
Nausea
Microcytic hypochromic anemia

Question 6

Where do hookworms mature?

Answer 6

Jejunum

Question 7

Where are adult roundworms found in the body?

Answer 7

Jejunum and middle ileum

Question 8

Laboratory diagnosis for hookworm

Answer 8

Non-bile stained eggs in stool

Question 9

Treatment for hookworm

Answer 9

Albendazole
Mebendazole
With iron therapy

Question 10

Another name for ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus

Answer 10

Hookworm

Question 11

Larval forms of Strongyloides stercoralis

Answer 11

Rhabditiform
Filariform larvae

Question 12

Infective form of Strongyloides stercoralis

Answer 12

Filariform larvae

Question 13

Symptoms of disseminated strongyloidiasis

Answer 13

Severe diarrhea
Malabsorption
Paralytic ileus
Peritonitis
Meningitis
Brain abscess

Question 14

Stool findings show actively motile rhabditiform and occasionally filariform larvae

Answer 14

Strongyloidiasis

Question 15

Treatment for strongyloidiasis

Answer 15

Ivermectin
Abendazole

Question 16

Most common helminth in US

Answer 16

Enterobius vermicularis –> pinworm

Question 17

White slender nematode with a pointed tail that resides in the cecum, appendix, and ascending colon

Answer 17

Pinworm –> enterobius vermicularis

Question 18

Treatment for pinworm

Answer 18

Mebendazole
Albendazole

Retreatment in 2 wks

Question 19

Common name for Trichruis trichiura

Answer 19

Whipworm

Question 20

Symptoms of heavy infection of Trichruis trichiura, often in children

Answer 20

Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Appendicitis
Rectal prolapse
Possible growth retardation

Question 21

Barrel shaped eggs in feces with presence of polar plugs in egg shell

Answer 21

Trichruis trichiura

Question 22

Treatment of Trichruis trichiura

Answer 22

Albendazole
Mebendazole

Question 23

Most frequently invaded muscles in trichinosis

Answer 23

Extraocular muscles of eye
Tongue
Deltoid and pectorals
Intercostal muscles and diaphragm

Question 24

Complications of heavy infections of trichinosis

Answer 24

Severe neurologic symptoms –> psychosis, meningoencephalitis, CVA

Question 25

Recommended treatment for severe trichinosis

Answer 25

Steroid plus thiabendazole or mebendazole

Question 26

Helminth category of flat, fleshy, leaf-shaped worm with muscular oral and ventral suckers

Answer 26

Trematodes/flukes

Question 27

Common liver fluke

Answer 27

Fasciola hepatica

Question 28

Definitive host of Fasciola hepatica

Answer 28

Sheep and humans

Question 29

Intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica

Answer 29

Snails and water vegetation

Question 30

Mode of infection of Fasciola hepatica

Answer 30

Ingestion of metacercariae in water plants

Question 31

Diagnosis by operculated eggs in stool

Answer 31

Fasciola hepatica

Question 32

Treatment for common liver fluke

Answer 32

Praziquantel

Question 33

Common name for Ophisthorchis (clonorchis) sinensis

Answer 33

Chinese liver fluke

Question 34

Endemic areas for clonorchiasis

Answer 34

China Japan Korea SE Asia

Question 35

Transmission of Ophisthorchis sinensis

Answer 35

Ingestion of encysted larvae in uncooked fish

Question 36

Complication of clonorchiasis

Answer 36

Inflammatory response causing hyperplasia and fibrosis of biliary tract leading to adenocarcinoma of bile duct

Question 37

Common name for cestodes

Answer 37

Tapeworms

Question 38

Common name of Taenia solium

Answer 38

Pork tapeworm

Question 39

Common name of Taenia saginata

Answer 39

Beef tapeworm

Question 40

Common name of echinococcus granulosus

Answer 40

Dog tapeworm

Question 41

Common name of Diphyllobothrium latum

Answer 41

Fish tapeworm

Question 42

Most frequent cestode infection in US

Answer 42

Taenia saginata --> beef tapeworm

Question 43

Treatment for beef tapeworm

Answer 43

Niclosamide Praziquantel

Question 44

Symptoms of taeniasis

Answer 44

Abdominal discomfort Chronic indigestion Diarrhea

Question 45

Causal organism of taeniasis

Answer 45

Taenia solium --> pork tapeworm

Question 46

Causal organism of cysticercosis

Answer 46

Taenia solium --> pork tapeworm

Question 47

Symptoms of cysticercosis

Answer 47

Hydrocephalus Meningitis CN damage Seizures Hyperactive reflexes Visual defects

Question 48

Treatment for taeniasis

Answer 48

Niclosamide

Question 49

Treatment for cysticercosis

Answer 49

Albendazole plus prednisolone

Question 50

Endemic areas for fish tapeworm

Answer 50

Scandinavia, northern Russia, Japan, Canada, north-central US

Question 51

Source of fish tapeworm

Answer 51

Undercooked or pickled freshwater fish

Question 52

Complication of fish tapeworm

Answer 52

Megaloblastic anemia due to competition for vit B12

Question 53

Treatment for fish tapeworm

Answer 53

Praziquantel

Question 54

Develop into large, fluid-filled, hydatid cysts in tissues. Slow-growing, space-filling lesions in liver, lungs, and brain.

Answer 54

Echinococcus granulosus --> dog tapeworm

Question 55

Signs of liver cyst in dog tapeworm

Answer 55

RUQ pain Hepatomegaly Biliary rupture

Question 56

Signs of lung cyst in dog tapeworm

Answer 56

Cough Dyspnea Chest pain

Question 57

Complications of tissue cysts in dog tapeworm

Answer 57

Cyst ruptures releasing antigens Dissemination and anaphylaxis

Question 58

Treatment of dog tapeworm

Answer 58

Albendazole