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GI II > Helminths > Flashcards

Helminths Flashcards

1
Q

Most common helminthic infection

A

Ascaris lumbricoides –> roundworm

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2
Q

Symptoms of roundworm infection

A

Usually asymptomatic

Growth retardation
Pneumonitis
Intestinal obstruction
Hepatobiliary and pancreatic injury

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3
Q

Laboratory diagnosis for Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Bile stained eggs in stool

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4
Q

Treatment for Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Albendazole
Mebendazole

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5
Q

Possible symptoms of hookworm infection

A

Ground itch
Diarrhea
Vague abdominal pain
Colic
Nausea
Microcytic hypochromic anemia

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6
Q

Where do hookworms mature?

A

Jejunum

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7
Q

Where are adult roundworms found in the body?

A

Jejunum and middle ileum

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8
Q

Laboratory diagnosis for hookworm

A

Non-bile stained eggs in stool

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9
Q

Treatment for hookworm

A

Albendazole
Mebendazole
With iron therapy

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10
Q

Another name for ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus

A

Hookworm

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11
Q

Larval forms of Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Rhabditiform
Filariform larvae

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12
Q

Infective form of Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Filariform larvae

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13
Q

Symptoms of disseminated strongyloidiasis

A

Severe diarrhea
Malabsorption
Paralytic ileus
Peritonitis
Meningitis
Brain abscess

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14
Q

Stool findings show actively motile rhabditiform and occasionally filariform larvae

A

Strongyloidiasis

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15
Q

Treatment for strongyloidiasis

A

Ivermectin
Abendazole

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16
Q

Most common helminth in US

A

Enterobius vermicularis –> pinworm

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17
Q

White slender nematode with a pointed tail that resides in the cecum, appendix, and ascending colon

A

Pinworm –> enterobius vermicularis

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18
Q

Treatment for pinworm

A

Mebendazole
Albendazole

Retreatment in 2 wks

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19
Q

Common name for Trichruis trichiura

A

Whipworm

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20
Q

Symptoms of heavy infection of Trichruis trichiura, often in children

A

Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Appendicitis
Rectal prolapse
Possible growth retardation

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21
Q

Barrel shaped eggs in feces with presence of polar plugs in egg shell

A

Trichruis trichiura

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22
Q

Treatment of Trichruis trichiura

A

Albendazole
Mebendazole

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23
Q

Most frequently invaded muscles in trichinosis

A

Extraocular muscles of eye
Tongue
Deltoid and pectorals
Intercostal muscles and diaphragm

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24
Q

Complications of heavy infections of trichinosis

A

Severe neurologic symptoms –> psychosis, meningoencephalitis, CVA

25
Q

Recommended treatment for severe trichinosis

A

Steroid plus thiabendazole or mebendazole

26
Q

Helminth category of flat, fleshy, leaf-shaped worm with muscular oral and ventral suckers

A

Trematodes/flukes

27
Q

Common liver fluke

A

Fasciola hepatica

28
Q

Definitive host of Fasciola hepatica

A

Sheep and humans

29
Q

Intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica

A

Snails and water vegetation

30
Q

Mode of infection of Fasciola hepatica

A

Ingestion of metacercariae in water plants

31
Q

Diagnosis by operculated eggs in stool

A

Fasciola hepatica

32
Q

Treatment for common liver fluke

A

Praziquantel

33
Q

Common name for Ophisthorchis (clonorchis) sinensis

A

Chinese liver fluke

34
Q

Endemic areas for clonorchiasis

A

China
Japan
Korea
SE Asia

35
Q

Transmission of Ophisthorchis sinensis

A

Ingestion of encysted larvae in uncooked fish

36
Q

Complication of clonorchiasis

A

Inflammatory response causing hyperplasia and fibrosis of biliary tract leading to adenocarcinoma of bile duct

37
Q

Common name for cestodes

38
Q

Common name of Taenia solium

A

Pork tapeworm

39
Q

Common name of Taenia saginata

A

Beef tapeworm

40
Q

Common name of echinococcus granulosus

A

Dog tapeworm

41
Q

Common name of Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Fish tapeworm

42
Q

Most frequent cestode infection in US

A

Taenia saginata –> beef tapeworm

43
Q

Treatment for beef tapeworm

A

Niclosamide
Praziquantel

44
Q

Symptoms of taeniasis

A

Abdominal discomfort
Chronic indigestion
Diarrhea

45
Q

Causal organism of taeniasis

A

Taenia solium –> pork tapeworm

46
Q

Causal organism of cysticercosis

A

Taenia solium –> pork tapeworm

47
Q

Symptoms of cysticercosis

A

Hydrocephalus
Meningitis
CN damage
Seizures
Hyperactive reflexes
Visual defects

48
Q

Treatment for taeniasis

A

Niclosamide

49
Q

Treatment for cysticercosis

A

Albendazole plus prednisolone

50
Q

Endemic areas for fish tapeworm

A

Scandinavia, northern Russia, Japan, Canada, north-central US

51
Q

Source of fish tapeworm

A

Undercooked or pickled freshwater fish

52
Q

Complication of fish tapeworm

A

Megaloblastic anemia due to competition for vit B12

53
Q

Treatment for fish tapeworm

A

Praziquantel

54
Q

Develop into large, fluid-filled, hydatid cysts in tissues. Slow-growing, space-filling lesions in liver, lungs, and brain.

A

Echinococcus granulosus –> dog tapeworm

55
Q

Signs of liver cyst in dog tapeworm

A

RUQ pain
Hepatomegaly
Biliary rupture

56
Q

Signs of lung cyst in dog tapeworm

A

Cough
Dyspnea
Chest pain

57
Q

Complications of tissue cysts in dog tapeworm

A

Cyst ruptures releasing antigens
Dissemination and anaphylaxis

58
Q

Treatment of dog tapeworm

A

Albendazole

GI II (31 decks)

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