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GI II > Inflammatory diarrhea > Flashcards

Inflammatory diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

Stool characteristics of inflammatory diarrhea

A

Copious, watery diarrhea without blood or WBCs. No tissue invasion

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2
Q

Gram negative non-motile rod of the enterobacteriaceae family. Non-lactose and non-sucrose fermenter.

A

Salmonella

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3
Q

Allows salmonella to be bile salt tolerant

A

Produces H2S

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4
Q

Non-typhoidal strains of Salmonella enterica

A

Enteritidis
Typhimurium

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5
Q

Typhoidal strains of Salmonella enterica

A

Typhi
Paratyphi

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6
Q

Virulence factors of Salmonella

A

Pili
Vi capsular antigen
Type III secretion system
LPS
Enterotoxin

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7
Q

Affect of type III secretion system of Salmonella

A

Induces membrane ruffling in host cells

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8
Q

Salmonella selectively attach to these specialized epithelial cells

A

M cells of Peyer patches

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9
Q

Incubation period of non-typhoidal salmonellosis

A

6-48 hrs

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10
Q

Complications of non-typhoidal salmonellosis

A

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Septicemia in immunosuppressed
Endocarditis
Arthritis

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11
Q

Treatment of septicemia from non-typhoidal salmonellosis

A

Fluoroquinolones
Cephalosporins

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12
Q

Can lead to carrier state of typhoidal salmonellosis

A

Chronic colonization of gallbladder

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13
Q

Pt presents with a gradual onset of HA, lethargy, fever, abdominal pain, interchanging diarrhea and constipation lasting for several weeks. They have hepatosplenomegaly and rose spots on exam.

A

Typhoidal salmonellosis

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14
Q

Complications of typhoidal salmonellosis

A

Intestinal hemorrhage
Ileal perforation

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15
Q

When is serology positive in typhoidal salmonellosis?

A

Week 2

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16
Q

When is stool culture positive in typhoidal salmonellosis?

A

Week 3

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17
Q

When is urine culture positive in typhoidal salmonellosis?

A

Week 4

18
Q

Black colonies on Hektoen Enteric agar and NLF colonies on MacConkey’s agar.

A

Salmonella

19
Q

Treatment for typhoidal salmonellosis

A

Fluoroquinolones
Third gen cephalosporins

20
Q

Gram negative curved motile rods with polar flagella. Catalase and oxidase positive.

A

Campylobacter

21
Q

Most common cause of community acquired inflammatory enteritis

A

Campylobacter

22
Q

Allows for low infectious dose of campylobacter

A

Acid tolerant

23
Q

Adhesins of campylobacter

A

CadF
CapA
JlpA
FlpA

24
Q

Intrinsic resistance to these antibiotics of Campylobacter

A

Vancomycin
Trimethoprim
Polymyxin B

25
Q

Virulence factors of Campylobacter

A

LOS endotoxin
CPS
Adhesins
CDT
Cytotoxin
Heat labile cholera-like enterotoxin

26
Q

Incubation period of Campylobacter

A

1-7 days

27
Q

Antigenic cross-reactivity between LOS of C jejuni and peripheral nerve gangliosides can result in this

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

28
Q

Clinical manifestations seen in Campylobacter infection

A

Acute colitis
Abdominal pain mimicking acute appendicitis
Chronic enteric infections

29
Q

Stool culture on CAMPY or Skirrow medium at 42 C in a microaerophilic atmosphere for diagnosis

A

Campylobacter

30
Q

Treatment for severe Campylobacter infections

A

Macrolides
Fluoroquinolones

31
Q

Gram negative coccobacilli with bipolar staining. Psychrophilic. Motile between 25 C and 37 C.

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

32
Q

Treatment for Yersinia enterocolitica

A

Fluoroquinolones
TMP-SMZ

33
Q

How to distinguish V cholerae from V parahaemolyticus?

A

V parahaemolyticus is halophilic and can grow in 8% NaCL

34
Q

Causes diarrheal disease associated with eating contaminated undercooked/raw seafood. With HA and low-grade fever.

A

V parahaemolyticus

35
Q

Enterotoxin of V parahaemolyticus that induces chloride ion secretion

A

Kanagawa hemolysin

36
Q

Treatment for severe V parahaemolyticus infection

A

Doxycycline
Fluoroquinolones

37
Q

Causal organism of hemorrhagic colitis

A

Shiga-toxin producing E coli (STEC)

38
Q

Stx1 and Stx2 disrupt protein synthesis causing A/E lesions with destruction of intestinal microvilli

A

Hemorrhagic colitis (STEC)

39
Q

Possible complications of STEC infection

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

40
Q

Diagnosed by screening for O157:H7 with Sorbitol-MacConkey agar and confirmed with serotyping.

A

STEC

41
Q

Treatment for hemorrhagic colitis

A

Avoid antibiotics –> can stimulate Stx and cause hemolytic uremic syndrome

Supportive care

GI II (31 decks)

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