Oropharyngeal disorders

Question 1

Normal epithelial of the oropharynx

Answer 1

Stratified squamous epithelium
Acquires keratin and loose nucleus as cells mature

Question 2

White patch in oropharynx, unable to be scraped off, that cannot be categorized as another disease. Microscopy can show hyperplasia or dysplasia.

Answer 2

Leukoplakia

Question 3

Red plaque on oral mucosa. Microscopy shows dyskeratosis, parakeratosis, increased N:C ratio, and increased mitotic activity. Limited by basement membrane.

Answer 3

Erythroplakia

Question 4

Oral lesion with characteristics of both leukoplakia and erythroplakia that is more ominous. Associated with actinic cheilitis

Answer 4

Speckled leukoplakia/leuko-erythroplakia

Question 5

Most common head and neck cancer

Answer 5

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 6

Classification of oropharyngeal SCC

Answer 6

With HPV or not
With premalignant lesions or not
Keratinizing or not

Question 7

Premalignant lesion of either raised, firm, pearly plaques or irregular, roughened, verrucous areas of mucosal thickening superimposed on leukoplakia or ertyhroplakia

Answer 7

HPV negative oropharyngeal SCC

Question 8

Mutated genes associated with HPV negative oropharyngeal SCC

Answer 8

TP53
CDKN2A
PIK3CA

Question 9

Potentially targetable genetic alterations in HPV negative oropharyngeal SCC

Answer 9

NOTCH1
FAT1

Question 10

Genes inactivated in HPV associated oropharyngeal SCC

Answer 10

P53
Rb

Question 11

Microscopy of ulceroproliferative oral lesion shows non-keratinizing basaloid cells. Malignant cells invade through the basement membrane.

Answer 11

HPV associated oropharyngeal SCC

Question 12

Features of malignant squamous cells

Answer 12

Increased N:C ratio
Irregular nuclear membrane
Abnormal chromatin
Abnormal mitosis

Question 13

Oropharyngeal SCC associated with better prognosis

Answer 13

HPV associated