Trauma Flashcards

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1
Q

commotio cordis

A

agitation of the heart / often lethal disruption of the heart rhythm that occurs as a result of a blow to the area directly over the heart (precodial region), at a critical time during the cycle of a heart beat causing cardiac arrest

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2
Q

dystonia

A

prolonged involuntary muscular contractions that may cause twisting (torsion) of body parts, repetitive movements, and increased muscular tone

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3
Q

Babinski sign

A

dorsiflexion (to bend dorsally or toward the upper surface) of the great toe when the sole of the foot is stimulated / if the toe extends instead of flexes and the outer toes spread out, Babinski reflex is present / normally when the lateral aspect of the sole of the relaxed foot is stroked, the great toe flexes

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4
Q

LeFort fracture of skull

A

fracture involving more than one of the facial bones (maxillary, nasal, orbital, and/or zygomatic)

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5
Q

LeFort I fractures

A

blunt force injury directed below the maxillary alveolar rim in a downward direction

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6
Q

LeFort II fracture

A

blunt force injury to the lower or mid-maxilla and usually involve the inferior orbital rim

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7
Q

LeFort III fracture

A

blunt force injury to the nasal bridge or upper maxilla, involving the zygomatic arch

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of cardiopulmonary arrest in the trauma patient?

A

Hypoxemia

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9
Q

Acceptable locations for chest needle decompression are…

A

Directly over the top of the 3rd rib, mid-clavicular line /

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10
Q

What may affect the pulse oximetry reading?

A

Cyanide poisoning / High ambient light / Carbon monoxide poisoning

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11
Q

What is the FIRST priority in management of a trauma patient?

A

Control major external bleeding

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12
Q

In the absence of herniation syndrome, adult head injured patient should be ventilated at a rate of…

A

8 to 10 per minute

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13
Q

What assessment tools may assist in predicting patient deterioration for someone who otherwise appears stable?

A

Serum lactate levels and abdominal ultrasound.

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14
Q

Tourniquet application should be limited to less than…

A

2 hours

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15
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

The radial pulse disappears upon inspiration.

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16
Q

What is the correct orientation for inserting an intraosseous needle to the proximal tibia?

A

Medial to the midline, avoiding the growth plate.

17
Q

Anisocoria

A

Unequal pupils, typically a pre-existing

18
Q

The name of a pre-existing condition of unequal pupils is called…

A

anisocoria

19
Q

Another name for skin is…

A

integument.

20
Q

Epidermis

A

The outermost layer of ​the skin with 5 of its own layers

21
Q

Statum Corneum

A

The outmost layer of the epidermis consisting of non-living cells.

22
Q

Mast cells

A

Granulocyte found in connective tissue, when injured they release strong chemicals known as histamine and heparin.

23
Q

Sebum

A

Oily substance secreted by the sebaceous gland found at the neck of the each hair follicle. This helps to keep the skin supple.

24
Q

Deep fascia

A

Tough bands of tissue that wrap around muscles and other internal structures. Muscles and bones are found below this layer.

25
Q

Crush syndrome can develop in ____ hours.

A

4

26
Q

Chemotactic factors

A

Chemicals and proteins that are released and signal repairing cells to migrate to the injury.

27
Q

Epithelialization

A

The process of new epithelial cells moving into the injured or damaged area.

28
Q

Granulocytes and Macrophages

A

Engulf bacteria and ingest damaged cell parts through phagocytosis.

29
Q

Collagen is…

A

a tough, fibrous protein found in scar tissue, hair, bones, and connective tissue. Collagen provides stability to the damaged tissue.

30
Q

Lymphocytes…

A

destroys bacteria and other pathogens.

31
Q

Heparin is a…

A

compound occurring in the liver and other tissue which inhibits blood coagulation.

32
Q

Rhabdomyolysis

A

Acute and at times fatal disease in which the by-products of skeletal muscle destruction accumulate in the renal tubules and produce acute renal failure and other internal organ injuries. Kidney failure caused by rhabdomyolysis may produce life-threatening hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis.